In Hinduism, the concept of dharma is fundamental and serves as the cornerstone upon which the entire universe rests. The philosophical and theological underpinnings of dharma are deeply rooted in the ancient scriptures, particularly the Upanishads. To understand dharma as the foundation of the world, it is essential to explore its origins, nature, and implications as described in these sacred texts.
Creation and the Need for Dharma
Human intelligence naturally seeks to understand the origins
of the universe, positing an eternal source or deity from which creation
emerges. The Chandogya Upanishad (6.2.1-3) illustrates this concept by
describing a primordial existence, Sat (the One without a second), which
reflects upon itself and decides to become many. This multiplicity, however,
requires an organizing principle to prevent chaos and to ensure harmony and
order in the universe.
Dharma in the Upanishads
The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (1.4.14) explains that this
organizing principle, dharma, was created by God himself. It states, "He
specially created that dharma, of the form of the highest good... therefore
there is nothing higher than that... that dharma is verily satya (truth)."
Here, dharma is presented as a divine creation, a principle of righteousness
and truth, which upholds and sustains the universe.
The Mahanarayana Upanishad (79.7) further emphasizes that
dharma is the firm foundation upon which the entire cosmos stands. This
highlights the role of dharma as the essential law that integrates and governs
the multiplicity of existence.
Dharma: Righteous Behavior and Universal Law
Dharma, in this context, refers to righteous behavior
grounded in truth and the knowledge of the underlying unity amidst diversity.
It is the principle that brings about the highest good for all of creation. The
central idea of dharma encompasses various aspects such as ethical conduct,
moral principles, and social responsibilities, all derived from its fundamental
nature as described in the Upanishads.
The concept of dharma is expansive and evolves throughout
Hindu literature, but its essence remains the same. It is the guiding principle
that ensures order, justice, and harmony in the universe. As such, dharma is
not merely a set of rules or duties but a universal law that upholds the very
fabric of existence.
Implications of Dharma
Understanding dharma as the foundation of the world has
profound implications for both individual conduct and societal structures. It
implies that every action, thought, and intention should align with this cosmic
order to maintain harmony and balance. Dharma dictates ethical behavior, social
duties, and spiritual practices, guiding individuals towards a life of
righteousness and truth.
In essence, dharma serves as a reminder of the
interconnectedness of all beings and the importance of living in accordance
with the universal principles of truth and righteousness. It is the cornerstone
upon which the entire cosmos is built, ensuring that despite the diversity and
multiplicity of creation, there is a unified, harmonious order that sustains
life.
In summary, dharma is the foundational principle in Hinduism
that upholds and sustains the universe. Originating from the divine and rooted
in the Upanishads, dharma represents the highest good, truth, and righteous
behavior. It is the essential law that integrates the multiplicity of
existence, ensuring harmony and order in the cosmos. Understanding and aligning
with dharma is crucial for maintaining the balance and integrity of the world,
both at the individual and collective levels.