Across Bengal and the eastern regions of India, Surya, the radiant sun god, holds a unique and profound place in devotional life. Known locally as Dharma Deva or Ral Deva, Surya is celebrated not only as the celestial source of light but also as the force of righteousness, fertility, prosperity, and the continuity of life. In regions such as Mymensingh and Sylhet, the word Raul or Ral directly signifies the Sun, and by extension, Dharma itself. This understanding aligns with the foundational Hindu belief that without the sun, there can be no creation, growth, or sustenance.
Surya in Scriptures
The worship of Surya as the giver of life and upholder of cosmic order appears throughout Hindu scriptures. The Rig Veda praises the sun with the words:
“He illumines the whole world, the far and the near, all that is visible.” (Rig Veda 1.50.10)
The Bhagavad Gita also affirms Surya’s cosmic significance when Sri Krishna declares:
“Of lights, I am the radiant Sun.” (Bhagavad Gita 10.21)
These verses reflect Surya’s position as a symbol of Dharma, inner clarity, and righteous action.
Surya as Dharma Deva in Bengal
In Bengal, the worship of Dharma Deva has deep folk roots. Surya is regarded as the guardian of truth and moral order. As Ral Deva, he becomes the masculine force of prosperity, associated with the growth of crops, the rhythms of seasons, and the well-being of the community. Rituals dedicated to Dharma Deva often seek health, harmony, and balance—qualities seen as gifts of the Sun.
Symbolism and Meaning
Surya symbolizes illumination not only in the physical world but also in the spiritual realm. His rising each morning represents renewed hope, clarity of thought, and the victory of truth over darkness. The chariot of Surya, drawn by seven horses, is understood as the seven forms of energy or the seven levels of human consciousness.
Modern-Day Relevance
In contemporary times, Surya’s symbolism carries powerful ecological and ethical relevance. The Sun reminds humanity of the need to live in harmony with nature, uphold truth, and recognize the interconnectedness of all life. Daily Surya Namaskar practiced in yoga traditions continues to honor this ancient recognition of solar energy as a source of vitality and discipline.
Final Thoughts
Whether known as Surya, Dharma Deva, or Ral Deva, the Sun remains a timeless symbol of righteousness, prosperity, and life. In Bengal and across India, his worship reflects an enduring understanding: that the light of Dharma—like the light of the Sun—sustains, guides, and uplifts all creation.