The term "Nigada" refers to a specific category of Vedic mantras used in yagas or sacrifices. Within the broader classification of Vedic mantras, which includes rik, yajus, and saman, the nigadas occupy a unique role.
- Riks: These are metrical compositions, often poetic in nature, forming the core of Vedic hymns and prayers.
- Yajus: Yajus mantras are complete sentences in prose. They contain instructions, prayers, or invocations necessary for the proper conduct of Vedic rituals.
- Samans: Saman mantras are set to music and are sung during Vedic rituals, adding a melodic aspect to the chanting.
Nigadas: Also known as "praishas," these are
specific words or phrases addressed by one priest, typically the adhvaryu, to
another priest, often spoken loudly. The purpose of nigadas is to prompt or
instruct the other priest to perform a particular action or ritual task. For
example, a nigada might instruct, "Approach the vessel containing the holy
waters. (‘prokshanir asadaya,’) "
While nigadas are similar to yajus mantras in that they both
contain instructions or directives, they are distinguished by their manner of
recitation. Nigadas are spoken loudly, serving as clear commands or prompts
during the ritual, whereas yajus mantras are recited softly, often in a more
contemplative or meditative tone.
In summary, nigadas play a crucial role in Vedic rituals by
providing audible cues and instructions to ensure the proper execution of the
ceremony, while also maintaining a distinct form and function within the
broader framework of Vedic chanting and ritual practice.