Why Ravana Killed Surpanakha’s Husband – The Untold Episode in the Ramayana
The Ramayana, one of the greatest epics of Sanatana Dharma, is often remembered for its central conflict between Lord Rama and Ravana, the King of Lanka. However, scattered within its many retellings are lesser-known episodes that shed light on the deeper political, familial, and moral complexities of the era. One such episode concerns the death of Vidyutjihva, the husband of Surpanakha and Ravana’s own brother-in-law. While the original Valmiki Ramayana does not provide much detail about him, many folk traditions and regional narratives preserve this story, offering insight into Ravana’s character and the turbulent world of the Rakshasa kingdom.
Who Was Vidyutjihva?
Vidyutjihva, whose name means “lightning-tongued,” was renowned for his exceptional oratorical skills and persuasive power. He was a mighty warrior and an intelligent minister in the court of Lanka, often accompanying Ravana in his military campaigns. His marriage to Surpanakha, Ravana’s sister, positioned him as an important member of the royal family.
The epithet “lightning-tongued” not only referred to his eloquence but also symbolized the rapidity and striking force of his speech. Just as lightning can both illuminate and destroy, Vidyutjihva’s words could inspire devotion or incite rebellion.
Rise of Tension Between Ravana and Vidyutjihva
In the early years of their relationship, Vidyutjihva was loyal to Ravana and supported his conquests, standing beside him in wars against Devas and other kings. However, over time, tensions arose. According to certain traditional accounts, the root cause was jealousy and mistrust.
Ravana’s growing fame, wealth, and power overshadowed Vidyutjihva’s influence in the court. Despite being a royal in-law, Vidyutjihva found himself increasingly sidelined in decision-making. His pride was wounded, and a silent rivalry began to take shape.
The Breaking Point – Words as Weapons
Vidyutjihva’s greatest gift—his voice—became the very tool of his downfall. Using his oratory, he began influencing common Rakshasas, sowing seeds of doubt about Ravana’s rule. Some narratives say that he spoke of sharing power more equally among the royal family, while others claim he openly criticized Ravana’s arrogance and excesses.
In the world of kingship, especially among Rakshasas where strength was the foundation of authority, such acts were not taken lightly. Ravana, ever vigilant about threats to his throne, saw Vidyutjihva’s growing influence as a direct challenge.
Ravana’s Decision to Eliminate a Threat
Ravana was not merely a warrior but also a shrewd strategist. For him, any internal dissent could weaken Lanka’s unity and invite enemies to strike. From his perspective, removing Vidyutjihva was a necessary step to secure his own power and the stability of his kingdom.
The killing of Vidyutjihva was not just an act of anger—it was a calculated political move. By eliminating a charismatic rival, Ravana ensured that no alternate power center could rise within his court. This act, however, also reveals the darker side of his rule: the willingness to destroy even close family for the sake of dominance.
Symbolism and Lessons
This episode holds deep symbolic meaning in the teachings of Sanatana Dharma. It warns against unchecked ambition, the dangers of pride, and the destructive potential of envy. It also highlights the importance of righteous speech. In Hindu thought, speech (Vak) is considered sacred; when used for truth and dharma, it uplifts society, but when used for manipulation, it can lead to ruin.
From Ravana’s perspective, the story also illustrates the burden of kingship—leaders must act decisively against threats, even when such decisions come at a personal cost. However, dharma demands that such actions be just, not merely convenient for one’s power.
Aftermath and the Larger Story
Surpanakha’s later encounter with Lord Rama and Lakshmana, which led to the events culminating in the war between Rama and Ravana, may have been influenced by the earlier loss of her husband. Her bitterness and vengeful nature could have been deepened by this tragedy, further intertwining the threads of personal grievance and cosmic destiny in the Ramayana.
Conclusion
The tale of Ravana and Vidyutjihva, preserved in folk traditions, offers a window into the complex interplay of power, family, and destiny in the age of the Ramayana. It reminds us that the epic is not just a story of gods and kings, but also a profound study of human nature—its virtues, its flaws, and the choices that shape history.