In Hinduism, the concept of apaciti refers to the act of showing respect and honour to certain individuals by a householder, as prescribed by the Dharmashastras—ancient treatises on law and code of conduct. The Dharmashastras outline six types of individuals who should be given due honour and respect:
- Acharya (Teacher): An acharya is a revered guide and educator, often responsible for imparting spiritual and secular knowledge. They play a crucial role in the development of an individual's character and intellect.
- Ritvik (Officiating Priest): A ritvik performs sacred rituals and ceremonies. Their role in religious practices ensures the proper execution of rites and the upholding of traditions.
- Rajan (King): The king is seen as the protector and ruler of the land. Showing respect to the king signifies honouring the sovereignty and order of society.
- Snataka (Graduate of Vedic Studies): A snataka is one who has completed their Vedic studies. This transition marks the end of formal education and the beginning of a life dedicated to applying and upholding the principles learned.
- Shvasura (Father-in-law): The father-in-law holds a significant position in the extended family, symbolizing the bond between two families through marriage.
- Pitrivya (Paternal Uncle) and Matula (Maternal Uncle): Both paternal and maternal uncles are respected for their role in the broader familial structure, often providing guidance and support to their nephews and nieces.
The reception given in honour of these respected individuals is called 'apaciti' or 'argha'. This ceremonial reception includes a series of respectful gestures and offerings, which are as follows:
- Offering a Seat: Providing a seat for the guest to sit on is a primary sign of respect and hospitality.
- Padya (Water for Washing Feet): Offering water to wash the feet of the guest is a traditional gesture symbolizing purity and respect.
- Arghya (Water for Washing Hands): Water is offered for washing hands, denoting a ritualistic cleansing.
- Achamana (Water for Rinsing Mouth): This is another cleansing ritual, signifying the purification of the guest.
- Madhuparka (A Preparation of Honey and Other Ingredients): This special preparation, often made with honey, curd, and ghee, is offered as a mark of honour and hospitality.
These rituals of apaciti reflect the deep-seated values of respect, hospitality, and reverence in Hindu culture, highlighting the importance of honouring those who hold significant roles in spiritual, educational, and familial contexts.