The term "Ramayana" can be interpreted as "ramasya ayanam vrittam charitam," meaning "the path trodden by Rama or the conduct of Rama." Sri Rama, the central figure of this epic, is depicted as the ideal man, whose actions perfectly align with the principles of dharma as understood in the context of ancient Indian society. The sage Valmiki even describes Rama as "ramo vigrahavan dharmah," which translates to "Rama is dharma personified."
Adherence to Truth and Promises
A core tenet of dharma in the Ramayana is the unwavering
commitment to truth and the fulfillment of promises, regardless of the
circumstances. Rama's life exemplifies this principle. Despite possessing the
power to overthrow King Dasharatha and claim the throne, Rama refrains from
doing so to avoid the path of adharma (unrighteousness) as stated in the
Ramayana (2.53.26). Instead, he chooses to honor his father's promise to
Kaikeyi, demonstrating his commitment to dharma even at great personal cost.
Rama's readiness to sacrifice himself for the sake of his
father's promise is evident when he declares his willingness to jump into fire,
consume poison, or drown in the ocean if necessary (Ramayana 2.18.28-29). He
values the fulfillment of his promises above his own life, his beloved wife
Sīta, and his devoted brother Lakṣmana (Ramayana 3.10.19).
Upholding High Moral Standards
Rama's adherence to dharma extends to his personal and
family life. He is prepared to forsake Sīta to uphold a high standard of family
honor, illustrating his prioritization of societal dharma over personal
attachments. This decision, though controversial, highlights his unwavering
commitment to dharma.
Inclusivity and Compassion
Rama's observance of dharma is not rigid but dynamic,
adapting to the context to establish new norms. His acceptance of hospitality
from Guha, a tribal chief, and Shabari, a humble devotee, reflects his
inclusive approach, transcending social barriers. By embracing these
marginalized individuals, Rama sets a precedent for social dharma, promoting
inclusivity and compassion.
Monogamy and Loyalty
In a time when polygamy was common among kings, Rama's
refusal to have more than one wife signifies his commitment to monogamy and
loyalty. This choice underscores his dedication to upholding dharma within the
institution of marriage, setting a high moral standard for future generations.
Respect for Enemy's Rights
Rama's insistence on Vibhishana conducting the last rites
for his brother Ravana, despite Ravana being his enemy, demonstrates his
respect for dharma even towards adversaries. This act of ensuring Ravana
receives a proper funeral rites emphasizes the importance of fulfilling one's
duty with respect and honor, regardless of personal enmity.
Rama's life in the Ramayana serves as a profound example of living in accordance with dharma. His unwavering commitment to truth, promises, inclusivity, high moral standards, and respect for others, even enemies, exemplifies the ideal conduct as prescribed by dharma. By setting new norms and upholding ancient principles, Rama embodies dharma in its truest sense, making the Ramayana a timeless guide to righteous living.