In ancient Hindu funeral rites, a unique and symbolic ritual involves the release of an old cow known as the Anustarani. This tradition is steeped in spiritual significance and aims to aid the soul of the deceased in their journey through the afterlife. The Anustarani is believed to assist the deceased in crossing the Vaitarani River, a dreaded river filled with blood and filth that lies between the earthly realm and Naraka (the netherworld).
Significance of Vaitarani River
The Vaitarani River is described in Hindu scriptures as a perilous and daunting river that souls must traverse after death. The river symbolizes the accumulated sins and moral impurities of an individual. Crossing it is essential for the soul to proceed to the realm of ancestors or to attain liberation (moksha).
The Role of the Anustarani
The Anustarani cow plays a pivotal role in this journey. By releasing this cow during the funeral rites, the family believes that the cow will guide and support the deceased across the Vaitarani River. The cow, revered for its sacredness and association with divinity, serves as a spiritual aid and protector for the departed soul.
Rituals Involved
Selection of the Cow: The cow chosen for this ritual is typically old and has already provided significant service to its owners, underscoring themes of gratitude and respect.
Release of the Cow: During the funeral rites, the cow is ceremonially set free. This act symbolizes the release of the soul from earthly bonds and its readiness to embark on the afterlife journey.
Mantras and Prayers: Specific mantras and prayers are recited during the ritual, invoking blessings and protection for the deceased. These prayers often appeal to Yama, the god of death, and other deities, seeking their assistance in ensuring a smooth passage for the soul.
Alternative Name: Rajagavi
The Anustarani is also sometimes referred to as Rajagavi. The term "Rajagavi" combines "Raja" (king) and "Gavi" (cow), signifying the esteemed and royal status of the cow in this context. This alternative name highlights the cow's revered position in aiding the soul's journey, akin to that of a noble guide.
Historical and Scriptural References
The concept of the Anustarani finds mention in various ancient Hindu texts and scriptures, including the Garuda Purana, which provides detailed descriptions of afterlife processes and rituals. The Garuda Purana emphasizes the importance of performing rites correctly to ensure the well-being of the deceased soul.
The Anustarani ritual underscores the deep-rooted beliefs in Hinduism regarding life after death, the soul's journey, and the importance of animals in spiritual practices. By understanding and honoring these traditions, practitioners seek to provide peace and assistance to their departed loved ones, ensuring their safe passage through the spiritual realms.