Error is the opposite of knowledge. Different schools of Hindu philosophy have discussed the nature of error and its occurrence with great interest. Jayatirtha has expounded theory of error in Madhvacharya philosophy after showing inadequacies in the theories of other schools. The Dvaita or “dualist” school of Hindu Vedanta philosophy originated in 13th-century South India with Sri Madhvacharya (Madhva). The Dvaita theory of error is known as abhinava – anyatha khyati. According to this theory, whenever there are any defects in either the subjective or the objective conditions of knowledge, error occurs. The appearance of unreal as real and of real as unreal is illusion. In bhranti (error), the non-existent is present as existent and the existent is presented as non-existent. The Dvaita school subscribes neither to the view of the wholesale unreality of the constituents of an error nor to the view that one real object appears as another real object existing elsewhere. Contact wit