In Hinduism, the concept of the complete extinction of the mind is deeply intertwined with the philosophy of Advaita Vedanta, particularly as expounded by ancient sages like Adi Shankaracharya. This teaching suggests that ultimate liberation, known as moksha or nirvana, is attained when one transcends the mind entirely, leading to a state of pure awareness or consciousness.
According to Advaita Vedanta, the mind, with its constant
stream of thoughts, desires, and attachments, creates a veil of illusion (maya)
that obscures the true nature of reality. This true nature is often described
as Brahman, the ultimate, formless, and infinite reality that underlies all
existence.
Through spiritual practice, self-inquiry, and meditation,
individuals can gradually quiet the mind and pierce through the illusion of
separateness, ego, and duality. As the mind becomes still and thoughts cease to
arise, one experiences a profound sense of unity with Brahman, realizing that
the individual self (atman) is identical to the universal Self.
In this state of realization, the individual transcends the
limitations of the mind and recognizes the impermanence and illusory nature of
the phenomenal world. This insight brings about a profound inner peace and
freedom from suffering, as one no longer identifies with the transient
fluctuations of the mind or the external world.
The complete extinction of the mind, therefore, signifies
the dissolution of the egoic sense of self and the merging of individual
consciousness with the infinite consciousness of Brahman. It is the culmination
of the spiritual journey, marking the attainment of true liberation and
enlightenment in Hindu philosophy.