Various Types of Vimanas in Hindu Scriptures: The Celestial Science of Flying Machines in Ancient Hinduism Ancient Hindu scriptures describe extraordinary aerial vehicles known as Vimanas, celestial crafts capable of traversing the skies, oceans, and even interplanetary realms. These references appear in revered texts such as the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas, and technical treatises like the Samarangana Sutradhara attributed to King Bhoja of Malwa. Far from being casual mentions, these descriptions reflect a refined imagination combined with deep inquiry into mechanics, architecture, and cosmic order. Pushpaka Vimana: The Most Celebrated Aerial Craft The most renowned among all Vimanas is the Pushpaka Vimana, originally owned by Kubera and later possessed by Ravana, the king of Lanka. In the Ramayana, it is described as a self-moving, radiant vehicle capable of expanding or contracting according to the number of passengers. Valmiki Ramayana, Yuddha Kanda (6.123.37) describes it as...