Pashandin in Hinduism: The Concept of Heresy in Vedic Tradition The term 'Pashandin' derives from Sanskrit roots that reveal its fundamental meaning. The prefix 'Pa' signifies 'to protect,' while 'shand' means 'to revile' or 'to condemn.' Thus, Pashandin literally translates to 'one who reviles' - specifically, one who reviles that which is meant to protect. In the context of Hindu religious tradition, this protection refers to the spiritual elevation that the Vedas are believed to provide to humanity. The concept of Pashandin represents a classification system within ancient Hindu thought that distinguished between orthodox (astika) and heterodox (nastika) belief systems. Those who rejected or criticized the authority of the Vedas were considered Pashandins, as they were seen to be reviling the very texts that could offer spiritual salvation and protection. Scriptural Foundation and Vedic Authority The Vedic texts form the f...