Antarala literally means "that which exists in between." It plays a crucial role in the architectural layout of Hindu temples. Here's a more detailed exploration of the concept and its significance:
Architectural Context
Garbha Griha (Sanctum Sanctorum):
- The Garbha griha, or "womb house," is the innermost sanctum of a Hindu temple, where the primary deity's image or idol is enshrined. It is the most sacred part of the temple and is usually small, dark, and devoid of any other decoration to maintain a sense of divine mystery and sanctity.
Mantapa (Hall or Pavilion):
- The Mantapa is a pillared hall or pavilion used for various religious and congregational activities. It serves as a space for devotees to gather, pray, and participate in rituals. The Mantapa can be elaborate, with intricate carvings and designs, and it often serves as a transitional space between the outer world and the inner sanctum.
Antarala (Intermediate Space):
- The Antarala is the narrow passage that connects the Garbha griha to the Mantapa. This intermediate space is also referred to as the Ardha Mantapa or Shukanasi. It acts as a transitional area that prepares the devotee for entering the sanctum sanctorum. In some temples, the Antarala might be decorated with sculptures and carvings that depict various deities, scenes from mythology, or auspicious symbols.
Symbolic Representation
- The Body of the Deity:
- In temple symbology, the entire temple complex is often envisioned as a cosmic body of the deity it enshrines. According to this metaphor, the Garbha griha represents the deity's head, the Mantapa represents the body, and the Antarala represents the neck. This conceptualization emphasizes the temple's role as a living embodiment of divine presence, where every architectural element contributes to the holistic representation of the divine form.
Functions of the Antarala
Ritual Significance:
- The Antarala serves as a preparatory space for priests and devotees before they enter the Garbha griha. It is here that final ritual preparations can be made, such as the lighting of lamps, chanting of mantras, and purification rites.
Architectural Transition:
- Architecturally, the Antarala acts as a buffer zone that softens the transition from the open, communal space of the Mantapa to the enclosed, sacred space of the Garbha griha. This transition is often marked by a change in the level of illumination, acoustics, and spatial orientation, all designed to heighten the sense of entering a sacred, divine space.
Enhancing Sanctity:
- The Antarala, by its very design, enhances the sanctity and solemnity of the Garbha griha. The narrowing of the passageway focuses the devotee's attention and helps cultivate a meditative state of mind, suitable for the reverence and worship of the deity.
Variations in Different Temples
Regional Differences:
- The design and significance of the Antarala can vary across different regions and architectural styles of Hindu temples. For example, in South Indian Dravidian temples, the Antarala might be more pronounced and elaborately decorated compared to the simpler designs seen in some North Indian Nagara temples.
Evolution Over Time:
- Historically, the concept and structure of the Antarala have evolved. In ancient temples, this space might have been minimal, while in later periods, especially during the medieval era, it became more defined and structurally significant.
In summary, the Antarala is a vital architectural and symbolic element in Hindu temples, serving both practical and spiritual purposes. It bridges the sacred and the communal, the inner sanctum and the outer world, enhancing the devotee's journey towards divine communion.