The first chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is known as "Arjuna Vishada Yoga" because it describes Arjuna's state of despair and moral dilemma, setting the stage for the spiritual discourse that follows. The term can be broken down as follows:
Arjuna: The protagonist, a prince and warrior, who is one of
the Pandavas.
Vishada: This Sanskrit word means despair, sorrow, or
despondency.
Yoga: In this context, yoga refers to a path or a
discipline.
Thus, "Arjuna Vishada Yoga" translates to
"The Yoga of Arjuna's Despondency." This chapter captures Arjuna's
profound grief and confusion on the battlefield of Kurukshetra. He is
overwhelmed by the prospect of fighting against his own relatives, beloved
friends, and revered teachers, which leads to his moral and emotional turmoil.
Arjuna's inner conflict is pivotal because it prompts him to
seek guidance from Lord Krishna, his charioteer, and divine mentor. Krishna's
teachings in response to Arjuna's despair form the core of the Bhagavad Gita.
Therefore, this chapter is crucial as it marks the beginning of Arjuna's
journey from despondency to enlightenment and understanding of his dharma
(duty).
In summary, the first chapter is called "Arjuna Vishada Yoga" because it encapsulates the intense emotional and ethical crisis Arjuna faces, which sets the stage for the spiritual teachings that follow.