--> Skip to main content


Mundaka Upanishad Teachings On Brahman

The Mundaka Upanishad is one of the principal Upanishads of Hindu philosophy and is associated with the Atharvaveda. It expounds on the nature of Brahman, the ultimate reality or the absolute truth in Hindu philosophy. The key teachings on Brahman in the Mundaka Upanishad include:

Brahman as the Ultimate Reality: The Mundaka Upanishad emphasizes that Brahman is the ultimate reality, the unchanging, eternal, and all-pervading essence of the universe. It is described as that which is both immanent and transcendent, encompassing all of creation.

Two Levels of Knowledge: The Upanishad introduces the concept of two kinds of knowledge:

Para Vidya (Higher Knowledge): This knowledge pertains to the understanding of Brahman, the supreme reality. It is knowledge of the eternal and unchanging truth, beyond the physical and material world.

Apara Vidya (Lower Knowledge): This knowledge pertains to the material world, including various sciences, arts, and worldly subjects. It is considered important for leading a worldly life but is inferior to Para Vidya.

The Importance of a Guru: The Mundaka Upanishad emphasizes the need for a guru or spiritual teacher to attain the knowledge of Brahman. A guru is essential to guide the student on the path of self-realization and help them distinguish between the real and the unreal.

The Analogy of the Two Birds: The Mundaka Upanishad employs the analogy of two birds sitting on the same tree. One bird, representing the individual soul (Atman), is engaged in the activities of the world, while the other bird, representing Brahman, simply observes without participating. This analogy illustrates the relationship between the individual soul and the ultimate reality.

Realization and Liberation: The Upanishad explains that by gaining knowledge of Brahman through meditation, self-inquiry, and the guidance of a guru, one can achieve self-realization and liberation (moksha). Liberation involves transcending the cycle of birth and death (samsara) and merging with Brahman, achieving eternal bliss and oneness with the absolute.

Brahman Beyond Attributes: The Mundaka Upanishad stresses that Brahman is beyond all attributes and qualities. It cannot be comprehended through ordinary sensory perceptions, as it is formless, infinite, and beyond all duality. It is described as "That which is not known through speech, but that whereby speech is known."

These teachings from the Mundaka Upanishad serve to guide seekers on the path of spiritual realization and self-discovery, ultimately leading them to a profound understanding of Brahman and the attainment of liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ„Test Your Knowledge

๐Ÿง  Quick Quiz: Hindu Blog

Why Hanuman Is Known As Bajrangi?

  • A. He has Vajra weapon
  • B. He killed demon named Bajrang
  • C. He has a body as strong as thunderbolt
  • D. He has red color body