Kal Bhairav, often depicted as a fierce form of Lord Shiva, holds a significant place in Hindu mythology and religious practices. Revered across India, Kal Bhairav is considered the guardian of time and the protector of the universe. His legends and stories are imbued with profound spiritual and moral lessons. Here are some popular stories associated with Kal Bhairav:
1. The Birth of Kal Bhairav
One of the most well-known legends involves Kal Bhairav's origin, which is intricately connected to the narrative of the egoistic and powerful deity Brahma.
- Story: According to the myth, Brahma became conceited and started considering himself the Supreme Creator. He claimed superiority over other gods, including Vishnu and Shiva. To humble Brahma, Shiva manifested a fearsome form known as Kal Bhairav. In this form, Shiva decapitated one of Brahma's five heads, symbolizing the eradication of Brahma's ego. This act led to Brahma acknowledging the supremacy of Shiva and his essential role in the cosmos. The severed head stuck to Kal Bhairav’s hand, symbolizing Brahma’s guilt and Shiva’s justice. To cleanse himself, Bhairav wandered the world and performed penance until he was absolved of the sin, often associated with the place called Kashi (Varanasi), where he is considered the city’s protector.
2. Kal Bhairav as the Protector of Kashi (Varanasi)
Kal Bhairav is the guardian deity of Kashi (Varanasi), one of the holiest cities in Hinduism. He is revered as the protector and the one who oversees time and karma within the city.
- Story: In Varanasi, it is believed that no one can enter the city or leave without the permission of Kal Bhairav. According to the local tradition, even the holy river Ganges flows at the will of Kal Bhairav. Devotees believe that a pilgrimage to Varanasi is incomplete without visiting the Kal Bhairav Temple and seeking his blessings. Kal Bhairav’s role as a protector extends to the afterlife; he is believed to judge the departed souls and allow only the deserving to attain moksha (liberation).
3. The Story of Bhairav and the Eight Bhairavas
Kal Bhairav is often depicted as the chief among the eight Bhairavas (Ashta Bhairavas), each representing different aspects and powers.
- Story: The Ashta Bhairavas were created by Shiva to help Kal Bhairav perform his duties as the protector of the universe. Each of the Bhairavas governs a specific aspect of creation, such as direction, time, and elements. The Ashta Bhairavas are: Asitanga Bhairava, Ruru Bhairava, Chanda Bhairava, Krodha Bhairava, Unmatta Bhairava, Kapala Bhairava, Bhishana Bhairava, and Samhara Bhairava. Together, they assist Kal Bhairav in maintaining cosmic order and punishing those who deviate from the path of dharma.
4. Kal Bhairav and the Story of Kotwal
In many regions, Kal Bhairav is worshipped as Kotwal, the police chief or the divine guardian who oversees justice and maintains order.
- Story: In the town of Ujjain, Kal Bhairav is worshipped as the Kotwal or the guardian deity. He is considered the protector of the city, ensuring that law and order are upheld. Devotees believe that Kal Bhairav has the power to punish those who engage in wrongful deeds and reward those who live righteous lives. Pilgrims visiting the Mahakaleshwar Temple in Ujjain often visit the Kal Bhairav Temple to seek his protection and blessings.
5. Kal Bhairav’s Role in Tantric Practices
Kal Bhairav is also a significant figure in Tantric traditions, where he is seen as the embodiment of divine wrath and power.
- Story: In Tantric worship, Kal Bhairav is invoked to destroy negative energies and to protect practitioners from harm. He is often associated with the cremation grounds, where he is believed to reside along with his consort Bhairavi. Devotees seek his help to overcome obstacles, fears, and to attain spiritual liberation. Tantric texts describe various rituals and mantras dedicated to Kal Bhairav, emphasizing his role as a fierce protector and a bestower of boons.
6. The Legend of Bhairav and the Disguised Thief
A lesser-known but profound story highlights Kal Bhairav’s justice and compassion.
- Story: Once, a thief disguised himself as a devotee to escape the guards and hide in the temple of Kal Bhairav. When the guards caught up with him and tried to apprehend him, the thief pleaded with Kal Bhairav to save him. Kal Bhairav appeared and granted him protection under the condition that he would never engage in thievery again and would lead a life of righteousness. The thief agreed and, under Kal Bhairav’s protection, transformed his life completely. This story signifies Kal Bhairav’s role in giving even the most errant souls a chance to reform.
7. Kal Bhairav and the Story of the Yama's Defeat
Kal Bhairav is often seen as a conqueror of death, surpassing even Yama, the god of death.
- Story: Once, there was a devotee of Shiva named Markandeya, who was destined to die at a young age. When Yama came to take his soul, Markandeya clung to a Shiva Lingam and prayed fervently. Kal Bhairav emerged from the Shiva Lingam and fought Yama to protect the devotee. He subdued Yama, thereby granting Markandeya immortality. This story underscores Kal Bhairav’s dominance over death and his role as a protector of his devotees.