Hanuman's decision not to destroy Lanka and rescue Sita, despite having the power and opportunity, is a complex and multifaceted one rooted in the strategic, moral, and narrative elements of the epic "Ramayana". Here are several key reasons:
Adherence to Rama's Mission and Strategy:
Role as a Messenger: Hanuman was sent to Lanka by Rama
primarily as a messenger and a scout, not as a warrior. His mission was to find
Sita, deliver Rama's message, and gather intelligence about Lanka and its
defenses. Completing his assigned task was his primary duty.
Strategic Importance: Destroying Lanka single-handedly or
rescuing Sita could have jeopardized Rama’s larger strategic plans. Rama
intended to gather an army and attack Lanka to ensure a complete and definitive
victory over Ravana, which would also ensure the restoration of dharma
(righteousness).
Ensuring Collective Participation and Dharma:
Collective Effort: The rescue of Sita and the defeat of
Ravana were meant to be collective efforts involving Rama, Lakshmana, and their
allies, including the Vanara (monkey) army led by Sugriva. This collective
effort was crucial for the narrative, emphasizing the importance of teamwork
and unity.
Adherence to Dharma: Hanuman, a devout follower of dharma,
understood the importance of adhering to moral and ethical guidelines. Engaging
in an act of massive destruction on his own might not align with the righteous
path. The ultimate victory over Ravana was to be achieved in a manner that
upheld the principles of righteousness and justice.
Narrative and Symbolic Reasons:
Narrative Structure: The epic's narrative structure required
a prolonged and arduous journey for Rama and his allies, highlighting their
virtues, struggles, and ultimate triumph. Hanuman’s premature intervention
could have disrupted this narrative flow.
Symbolic Significance: The journey and battle symbolize the
triumph of good over evil, the power of devotion, and the importance of
perseverance. Each character’s role and actions contribute to the epic’s deeper
moral and philosophical messages.
Demonstration of Restraint and Wisdom:
Restraint: Hanuman demonstrated remarkable restraint and
wisdom by not acting impulsively. His ability to control his immense power and
adhere to the mission showcases his maturity and deep understanding of the
situation.
Gathering Intelligence: By observing Lanka, its defenses,
and Ravana's court, Hanuman gathered crucial information that would later
assist Rama and his army in planning their assault.
In summary, Hanuman’s choice not to destroy Lanka and rescue
Sita immediately, despite his capability, reflects his adherence to his
mission, the strategic plans of Rama, the principles of dharma, and the
narrative structure of the "Ramayana". This decision underscores the
values of duty, restraint, and collective effort, which are central themes in
the epic.