Annada Mangal, also known as Nutan Mangal, is a seminal work in the Bengali literary tradition, crafted by the poet Bharatchandra Ray between 1752 and 1753. This narrative poem stands out in the genre of Mangalkavya, a form of medieval Bengali literature dedicated to eulogizing various Hindu deities. Unique among its peers, Annada Mangal specifically venerates Goddess Annapurna, an incarnation of Parvati revered in Bengal. Remarkably, it is the only poem within this tradition that focuses on Annapurna, as no other poet has ventured into this thematic territory.
Structure and Content
Annada Mangal is organized into three distinct books, each contributing to the overarching narrative and devotional purpose of the poem:
- Annada Mangal or Annada Mahatmya
- Bidya Sundar or Kalika Mangal
- Mansingh or Annapurna Mangal
Annada Mangal or Annada Mahatmya
This book is further subdivided into three narratives:
Shiva and Parvati's Story:
- Describes the tales of Shiva and Dakshayani (another form of Parvati).
- Chronicles Parvati's birth and her subsequent marriage to Shiva.
- Explores the founding of Varanasi (Kashi) and Parvati's residence there as Annapurna.
Vyasa's Endeavor:
- Narrates the sage Vyasa's attempt to establish Vyasakashi and his eventual failure.
Hari Hor and Bhabananda Majumdar:
- Tells the story of Bhabananda Majumdar, the ancestor of Krishna Chandra Roy, the King of Nadia and the patron of Bharatchandra Ray.
Bidya Sundar or Kalika Mangal
This section delves into the love story of Princess Bidya of Bardhaman and Prince Sundar of Kanchi. The legend, originating from Bardhaman, has been popularized through various stage adaptations over the years. This part of the poem is categorized under Kalika Mangal, a minor subgenre within Mangal Kavya.
Mansingh or Annapurna Mangal
A historical narrative, this book recounts the exploits of Mansingh, Bhabananda Majumdar, and Pratapaditya of Jessore. It weaves historical events with mythological elements, creating a rich tapestry of storytelling.
Sources and Literary Style
Bharatchandra Ray drew inspiration from a variety of sources, including:
- Kashi Khanda Upapurana
- Markandeya Purana
- Bhagavat Purana
- Chaurapanchashika by Bilhana
- Kshitishvangshavali Charitam
- Popular legends and hearsays
The poem is noted for its lively use of Sanskrit metres and rhetoric, showcasing Ray's mastery of classical literary forms.
Manuscripts and Publication History
The surviving manuscripts of Annada Mangal date from 1776 to 1829. The poem was first published by Ganga Kishore Bhattacharya in 1816, marking its transition from manuscript to printed form. The most renowned edition, edited by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar in 1853, is now considered the standard version.
Several of the older manuscripts are preserved in prestigious institutions, including:
- The British Museum in London
- Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris
- The Asiatic Society in Kolkata
- Vangiya Sahitya Parishad in Kolkata
Annada Mangal is a cornerstone of Bengali literature, reflecting the rich cultural and religious tapestry of 18th-century Bengal. Its unique focus on Goddess Annapurna, combined with its intricate narratives and classical literary style, ensures its enduring legacy and continued reverence in Bengali culture.