Anvadheya in Hinduism literally means "given after." This term is used within the context of stridhana, which refers to a woman's property. The concept of stridhana is a significant subject discussed extensively by the writers of the Dharmashastras.
Honored Status of Women in Early Hindu Society
A review of Vedic and early Dharmashastra literature reveals that women held an honored place in Hindu society. These texts indicate that women were not only respected but also endowed with property and gifts, of which they could be the independent owners. This is supported by references in sacred texts such as:
- Rig Veda 10.85.13 and 38
- Apastamba Dharma Sutras 2.6.14.9
Definition and Types of Stridhana
Stridhana includes various types of property and gifts given to women, which they could possess and control independently. Among the five or six varieties of stridhana mentioned, anvadheya is one specific type.
Anvadheya is generally defined as the property obtained by a woman after her marriage. This includes property received from:
- The family of her husband
- The family of her father's kinsmen
Anvadheya could encompass all kinds of movable property, ensuring that the woman had financial security and independence.
Importance of Anvadheya
The concept of anvadheya underscores the importance placed on a woman's economic security and autonomy in early Hindu society. By receiving property from both her marital and natal families, a woman was assured of her financial well-being, which was crucial for her status and independence. This provision reflects the broader societal recognition of women's rights and their esteemed position within the family and community.
In summary, anvadheya highlights the sophisticated understanding and the institutional support for women's rights to property in ancient Hindu law. It showcases a facet of the cultural and legal framework that sought to empower women and ensure their financial independence and security