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Difference Between Pravritti And Nivritti In Hinduism

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In Hinduism, the concepts of Pravritti and Nivritti represent two distinct paths or approaches to spiritual life.

Pravritti:

  • Pravritti, derived from the Sanskrit root "pravrit," means "to engage" or "to be active." It refers to the path of worldly engagement and activity.
  • In the context of spiritual practice, Pravritti Marga is the path followed by householders (grihasthas) who are actively engaged in fulfilling their duties and responsibilities at personal, familial, and societal levels.
  • Householders actively participate in various rituals, ceremonies, and duties prescribed by scriptures to uphold social order, sustain their families, and contribute to the welfare of society.
  • The Pravritti path recognizes the importance of worldly responsibilities and encourages individuals to fulfill their duties with dedication and righteousness.

Nivritti:

  • Nivritti, derived from the Sanskrit root "nivrit," means "to withdraw" or "to renounce." It refers to the path of renunciation and withdrawal from worldly affairs.
  • In the context of spiritual practice, Nivritti Marga is the path followed by renunciants or monks (sannyasis) who have chosen to detach themselves from worldly attachments and pursuits.
  • Sannyasis devote their time predominantly to contemplation (meditation) on the Atman (the inner self) or Brahman (the ultimate reality) and to spiritual practices aimed at self-realization.
  • They renounce worldly possessions, relationships, and activities to focus solely on their spiritual journey and the pursuit of liberation (moksha).
  • The Nivritti path emphasizes detachment from material desires and attachments, leading to spiritual liberation and union with the divine.

While Pravritti and Nivritti represent two distinct paths, both are considered legitimate approaches to spiritual growth in Hinduism. The choice between the two paths depends on an individual's inclinations, stage of life, and spiritual aspirations. Some may follow the Pravritti path during their household years and later transition to the Nivritti path upon renunciation, while others may choose to remain engaged in worldly affairs while pursuing spiritual goals simultaneously.