Sabara Bashya, also known as Shabarabhashya, is a significant commentary on the Purva Mimamsa Sutras, a foundational text in the Mimamsa philosophy—one of the six classical schools of Hindu philosophy. Attributed to the ancient sage Sabarasvami, the commentary provides valuable insights into the interpretation of the Vedas.
The Purvamimamsa Sutras, originally attributed to Jaimini
and dated to around 200 B.C., form the basis of Mimamsa philosophy. Mimamsa is
particularly concerned with the proper interpretation and application of Vedic
rituals and duties. Sabara Bashya, ascribed to Sabarasvami, serves as an early
and substantial commentary on these sutras.
Sabarasvami is believed to have lived around 57 B.C. or A.D.
200. Some scholars suggest that he might have been the father of the renowned
king Vikramaditya, known for the Vikrama Era. His Kshatriya lineage adds an
interesting dimension to his persona, connecting him to the warrior class.
The Shabarabhashya is composed in chaste and ideal Sanskrit
prose, reflecting the scholarly and refined nature of its author. This
voluminous commentary comprehensively addresses various aspects of Vedic
interpretation, providing a detailed exploration of the meaning and
significance of the Purvamimamsa Sutras.
Throughout the text, Sabarasvami refers to a Vrttikara,
quoting their views on multiple occasions. The identity of this Vrttikara is
not definitively established, leaving scholars to ponder whether it might be
the same Bodhayana quoted by later philosophers like Ramanuja, who lived
between A.D. 1017-1137. The uncertainty adds an element of intrigue to the
historical and philosophical context surrounding Sabara Bashya.
In summary, Sabara Bashya stands as a valuable commentary on
the Purvamimamsa Sutras, shedding light on the Mimamsa philosophy and its
intricate interpretations of the Vedas. Sabarasvami's contribution to Hindu
philosophy and his connection to figures like Vikramaditya contribute to the
rich tapestry of ancient Indian intellectual history.