The episode of submerging the bridge in the Bengali Krittivasi Ramayana is a unique narrative not found in the more widely known versions of the Ramayana by Valmiki or Tulsidas. This particular version reflects regional adaptations and cultural nuances that are characteristic of the various tellings of the Ramayana across India.
Context of the Story
In the Krittivasi Ramayana, after the defeat of Ravana and the rescue of Sita, Rama, Sita, and the entourage return to Ayodhya. During their journey back, Rama, accompanied by Sita, revisits significant locations that were pivotal during their exile and the subsequent battle against Ravana. This journey also serves as a reflective moment where the couple recounts their experiences and the struggles they endured.
The Bridge to Lanka
The bridge in question, known as Rama Setu or Adam's Bridge, was constructed by the Vanara (monkey) army under the leadership of Rama and his chief devotee, Hanuman. This bridge facilitated the crossing of the vast ocean to reach Lanka (present-day Sri Lanka) where Sita was held captive by the demon king Ravana.
Sita’s Concern
In this narrative, Sita voices a concern about the continued existence of the bridge. She believes that while the bridge was instrumental for their mission, it should not remain a permanent structure, possibly reflecting her desire for the ocean to return to its natural state. Sita's statement, "You bridged the ocean for a purpose but the ocean should not remain bridged," implies a respect for nature's balance and the recognition that the extraordinary measures taken for their cause should be undone once their purpose is fulfilled.
The Ocean’s Request
The personification of the ocean in the Krittivasi Ramayana is a significant element. The ocean itself acknowledges the role it played in Rama's quest and humbly requests that the bridge, now that its purpose has been served, be dismantled. This interaction portrays the ocean as a sentient being that recognizes the transient nature of the events and the necessity of restoring its own equilibrium.
The Submerging of the Bridge
At the ocean’s request, Rama orders the bridge to be dismantled. Lakshmana, Rama's loyal brother and a skilled archer, takes on this task. Using his arrows, Lakshmana systematically removes the rocks in three places, allowing the ocean to reclaim the area. The deliberate act of submerging the bridge symbolizes the end of their journey and the restoration of the natural order.
Symbolism and Themes
This story carries rich symbolic meanings:
Impermanence: The bridge, though monumental in its construction and purpose, is not meant to be permanent. This reflects the philosophical idea that all things are transient and that actions taken in the course of fulfilling one’s duty should not leave a lasting, unnatural impact.
Respect for Nature: By dismantling the bridge, Rama and his companions show a deep respect for nature. They recognize that their intervention in the natural world was justified only as long as it served a higher purpose.
Harmony and Balance: The return of the ocean to its former state represents the restoration of balance and harmony, a central theme in many Indian epics and spiritual narratives.
Fulfillment of Duty: The bridge was a means to an end, and once that end was achieved, there was no longer a need for it to exist. This underscores the idea that actions should be purposeful and that one’s duty is to fulfill the purpose without causing unnecessary or prolonged disruption.
Krittivasi Ramayana's Unique Perspective
Krittivasi Ramayana, also known as Krittibas Ojha's Ramayana, was composed in the 15th century and has been a vital part of Bengal's literary and cultural heritage. Its rendition of the Ramayana incorporates local traditions, values, and sensibilities. The episode of submerging the bridge is one such instance where the narrative diverges to offer insights into environmental ethics and the ephemeral nature of human endeavors.
The story of submerging the bridge in the Krittivasi Ramayana adds a layer of depth and reflection to the larger narrative of Rama's journey. It underscores the importance of respecting and restoring the natural world after human interventions, no matter how noble their purpose may have been. This narrative encourages readers to contemplate the impermanence of worldly actions and the need to maintain harmony with the natural environment.