In Hinduism, the sun, known as "Surya" or "Aditya," holds a significant and revered position as a visible representation of the divine. The sun is not only a celestial body but is also considered a deity and a source of life and energy. The worship of Surya has ancient roots and is embedded in various Hindu scriptures and traditions. Surya is the visible God in Hinduism or the pratyksha Brahman. Ancient Hindus had realized the importance of Sun – as life on earth depends completely on Sun. It provides the energy needed for photosynthesis, regulates temperature, influences climate, and establishes the day-night cycle. The interconnected web of life on Earth is intricately tied to the Sun's energy.
Surya is often depicted riding a chariot drawn by seven
horses, representing the seven colors of the rainbow or the seven days of the
week. This imagery symbolizes the cyclical nature of time and the passage of
days. The sun's journey across the sky is seen as a cosmic dance, and many
Hindu prayers and hymns pay homage to Surya's radiance, strength, and
life-giving qualities.
The Rigveda, one of the oldest sacred texts in Hinduism,
contains hymns (especially Gayatri Mantra) dedicated to Surya, highlighting its
importance in Vedic thought. Surya is often described as the eye of the cosmic
being, symbolizing the divine insight and wisdom that illuminates the universe.
The worship of Surya is not only a part of mainstream
Hinduism but is also prevalent in various regional traditions. Many Hindu
festivals, such as Makar Sankranti, Chhath Puja, and Ratha Saptami, are
dedicated to the sun god. During these festivals, devotees express their
gratitude for the life-sustaining energy provided by the sun.
Beyond its religious and cultural significance, Surya's
portrayal in Hinduism reflects deeper philosophical concepts. The sun is often
seen as a symbol of the unchanging and eternal aspect of the divine amidst the
transient nature of the world. In this way, the worship of Surya becomes a
means of connecting with the divine order and seeking spiritual enlightenment.
In summary, in Hinduism, the sun, or Surya, is revered as a
visible representation of the divine, embodying qualities of radiance,
strength, and life-giving energy. The worship of Surya is deeply rooted in
Hindu traditions and is an integral part of religious rituals, festivals, and
philosophical reflections on the nature of the divine.