In Hinduism, the concept of "bahyatma" plays a significant role in understanding the nature of the self or atman. In Sanskrit, "bahya" means outer, and "atma" refers to the self or soul. Therefore, "bahyatma" can be translated as the outer self or external aspect of the soul.
According to Hindu philosophy, the atman, or soul, is
considered eternal and unchanging. It is the innermost essence of an individual
and is distinct from the physical body. The bahyatma, on the other hand,
represents the external manifestation of the atman—the physical body with its
various limbs and organs.
The bahyatma is subject to the cycle of birth and death,
experiencing the transient nature of the material world. It undergoes the
processes of growth, decay, and eventual dissolution. In contrast, the atman
remains untouched by these physical changes and is believed to be eternal,
transcending the cycles of life and death.
Understanding the duality of the atman and bahyatma is
crucial in Hindu philosophy, as it helps individuals comprehend the
impermanence of the physical body and the enduring nature of the true self. The
goal of spiritual practice and self-realization in Hinduism is often centered
around recognizing the unity of the atman with the ultimate reality, known as
Brahman, and transcending the limitations of the bahyatma.
Various Hindu scriptures, such as the Upanishads, delve into
the exploration of these concepts, guiding individuals on the path to
self-discovery and spiritual enlightenment. The understanding of bahyatma aids
practitioners in navigating the intricate relationship between the physical,
transient body, and the eternal, unchanging soul.