In ancient Hinduism, the concept of "Aurasa" holds significant importance within the societal and familial structure. The term "Aurasa" refers to a specific type of son, and its significance is deeply rooted in the cultural and religious practices outlined in Hindu scriptures, particularly the smritis like Manusmṛti.
According to Manusmṛti 9.159-160, which outlines the various
types of sons, the 'aurasa' son is accorded the highest position among the
twelve kinds. An 'aurasa' son is one born to the husband and wife of the same
caste, following the guidelines stipulated in the dharmashastras (ancient legal
and ethical texts). This caste-based marriage reflects the societal structure
and the emphasis placed on maintaining social order and traditions.
The 'aurasa' son holds exclusive rights to the father's
property and is entrusted with the responsibility of performing the shraddha,
or obsequial rites. These rituals are considered crucial, not only for the
well-being of the deceased ancestors in the afterlife but also for ensuring the
continuity of the family lineage.
The performance of shraddha is a solemn duty that involves
offering prayers, food, and other rituals to honor and sustain the souls of
departed ancestors. It is believed that by fulfilling these rites, the 'aurasa'
son ensures the welfare of his ancestors in the spiritual realm. The act of
performing shraddha is considered as important as taking care of the parents in
their present life.
The preference for the 'aurasa' son in matters of inheritance and ritual responsibilities reflects the emphasis on lineage continuity, caste preservation, and adherence to the established social and religious norms in ancient Hindu society. This cultural framework played a crucial role in shaping family dynamics and societal structures in the context of ancient Hinduism.