The Atiratra, an important Vedic ritual in Hinduism, holds significance as one of the seven forms of the Somayaga sacrifice. The seven forms of Somayaga are: Agnistoma, Atyagnistoma, Ukthya, Sodasin, Vajapeya, Atiratram and Aptoryama. The term "Atiratra" literally translates to "that which extends beyond a night," indicating its duration spanning more than a single day and night. Within the spectrum of Vedic sacrifices, Athirathram stands out for its elaborate procedures and ancient origins, with references dating back to the Rig Veda (7.103.7).
As the sixth in the series of Somayaga, Atiratram is
believed to be a modification of the Agnistoma ritual. It encompasses various
intricate rites and ceremonies, each imbued with symbolic and spiritual
significance. Some of its essential features include:
Chanting of Stotras and Sastras: Participants recite 29
stotras and 29 sastras, with additional recitations conducted during the night
in four rounds. These hymns and verses serve as invocations and prayers to
invoke divine blessings and favor.
Offering of Oblations: Six oblations are offered during the
night, symbolizing offerings to various deities and cosmic forces. These
offerings are made with precise rituals and accompanying mantras.
Dawn Rituals: At dawn, a significant portion of the
Atiratram ritual involves chanting the lengthy Asvinasastra, which comprises
1000 verses. This chanting marks a pivotal moment in the ceremony, symbolizing
the transition from darkness to light and the awakening of cosmic energies.
Sacrificial Offerings: Various sacrificial offerings are
made throughout the ritual, including the sacrifice of an ewe to Sarasvati
during the pressing of the soma juice and the offering of purodasa cakes in
potsherds to the twin Ashvins. These offerings symbolize gratitude, devotion,
and the harmonious relationship between humans and gods.
Overall, the Atiratram Yajna exemplifies the intricate and
profound nature of Vedic rituals, serving as a conduit for spiritual communion,
cosmic harmony, and the perpetuation of ancient traditions. Its performance
requires meticulous adherence to scriptural injunctions and precise ritualistic
procedures, emphasizing the importance of ritual purity, devotion, and divine
communion in Hindu religious practice.