Anuyogi and pratiyogi are correlated substratum and counter-correlative in Hindu logic. Pratiyogita is a subjective relationship between the ideas of two entities, which correspond with positive or negative facts of the external world. The pratiyogi (counter-correlate) is that positive object, as also its idea, the prior knowledge of which is necessary for comprehending the relationship of pratiyogita.
Pratiyogita can be of two kinds -
- Viruddhatva (the relationship of opposition)
- Vrittivedyatva (that of co-existence)
The pratiyogita of opposition exists between the idea of
positively existing objects and abhava (the idea of its negation or
non-existence). For example, pratiyogita subsists between a pot and its non-existence
in a particular locus, such as the ground. The pot and its non-existence are
mutually opposite since the two cannot be in the same place simultaneously.
Also, the prior knowledge of the pratiyogi or counter-correlate object is
necessary for appreciating, firstly, its abhava (non-existence) in a given
locus, i.e. the anuyogi, and secondly, the relationship of pratiyogita subsisting
between the pratiyogi and its non-existence. For example, without the prior knowledge
of the pot, one cannot appreciate the non-existence of the pot either, as also
the relationship between the pot and its non-existence in a given locus. The locus
of the non-existence of the pratiyogi is called the anuyogi. For instance, the
empty ground, characterized by the non-existence of the pot, becomes the
anuyogi, corresponding to the pratiyogita of the pot and its non-existence.
The positive variety of pratiyogita, vrittivedyatva, is the
relationship subsisting between two positively existing entities, one of which
is the pratiyogi – the similarity of certain attributes, which are cognized as
being located in the other positive entity, called the anuyogi. For example, in
the case of a ‘moon-like face’, pratiyogita stands for sadrishya sambandha (the
relationship of similarity) between that face and the moon. The moon is the
pratiyogi and that face is the anuyogi.