The portrayal of gods and goddesses in Hinduism with ayudhas (weapons), including the sattvika type such as the pustaka (book), holds significant symbolic meaning. It symbolises knowledge to overcome illusion or ignorance – the agama or the scriptures. Here's a more detailed exploration:
Brahma: Holding the sacred scriptures, Brahma's
representation with the pustaka symbolizes the source of knowledge and wisdom.
As the creator, Brahma is associated with the foundational texts that guide the
cosmic order. As per some scholars the book in the hands of Brahma are the
Vedas.
Dakshinamurti: Dakshinamurti, an aspect of Lord Shiva as a
teacher, holds the pustaka, emphasizing the role of divine knowledge. This
depiction signifies the guru's authority in imparting spiritual wisdom – there is
no second here.
Ganapati: Ganapati, the remover of obstacles, holding a
pustaka highlights wisdom and learning. It symbolizes the pursuit of knowledge
as a means to overcome life's challenges.
Hanuman: Hanuman, the devoted disciple of Bhagavan Sri Rama,
is sometimes depicted holding a pustaka. This represents his wisdom and
intelligence, especially in relation to his role in the epic Ramayana.
Hayagriva: Hayagriva, horse-head incarnation of Bhagavan
Vishnu is a deity associated with knowledge and learning, is often depicted
with a pustaka. It signifies divine wisdom, and Hayagriva is considered a
bestower of knowledge and learning. The books also represent the Vedas.
Saraswati: Saraswati, the goddess of wisdom and learning, is
commonly shown holding a pustaka. This represents the importance of education,
arts, and culture in the Hindu tradition.
Vyasa: Sage Vyasa, credited with composing the Mahabharata
and other scriptures, is often depicted with a pustaka. This symbolizes his
role in preserving and transmitting the sacred knowledge of the Vedas and
Puranas.
The other objects that generally go with Pustaka or Book are:
Akshamala (Rosary): The rosary symbolizes the cyclical
nature of life and death and the continuous recitation or remembrance of divine
names.
Kamandalu (Water Pot): The kamandalu is a water pot carried
by ascetics, representing simplicity and detachment. It symbolizes the
renunciation of material desires.
Jnana Mudra (Gesture of Exposition): This hand gesture
symbolizes the transmission of knowledge. It represents the teaching and
sharing of wisdom.
Together, these symbols convey a holistic representation of
the pursuit of knowledge, wisdom, and spirituality in Hinduism, emphasizing the
interconnectedness of learning, devotion, and divine guidance.