The Natha Cult, also known as Natha Pantha, holds a unique and significant place within the intricate tapestry of Hinduism. Rooted in esoteric practices closely tied to Shaivism and Hatha Yoga, this mystical tradition is characterized by its association with prominent teachers such as Adinatha, Matsyendranath, and Gorakshanatha (or Gorakhnath).
At the heart of the Natha Cult's spiritual practices lies a
synthesis of the teachings of Patanjali's Ashtangayoga, dated around 200 BCE,
and specific elements of Hathayoga. The goal for the spiritual aspirant, or
sadhaka, is to awaken the Kundalini energy and unite it with Shiva in the
sahasraracakra, a crucial aspect of their transformative journey.
Upon achieving this spiritual union, the adept transcends
worldly constraints and transforms into an avadhuta or siddhayogi, perpetually
immersed in a state of bliss. The distinctive appearance of the Natha yogis,
often referred to as kanphata yogis due to their pierced earlobes and large
earrings, includes the adornment of a woollen thread-like yajnopavita (sacred
thread), the carrying of a horn, and the application of bhasma or holy ash
across their bodies.
The Natha yogis are easily identifiable by their names,
which typically end with the suffix "natha," signifying their
affiliation with this venerable tradition. The initiation into the Natha Cult
is a profound undertaking, requiring the disciple to possess 36 specific
qualities. Among these qualities are attributes like jnana (knowledge), viveka
(discrimination), santosha (contentment), shila (pure character), and others
that reflect a holistic approach to spiritual development.
Throughout ancient times, the Natha Cult wielded significant
influence and spread across the Indian Subcontinent. Its teachings and
practices have left an indelible mark on the spiritual landscape, offering
seekers a unique path to self-realization and union with the divine. Today, the
legacy of the Natha Cult endures, continuing to inspire and guide those who
seek profound spiritual transformation within the rich tapestry of Hindu
traditions.