The Vanaprastha Ashrama was to be entered into when one’s children were grown-up, one’s household duties completed, and one’s family well-settled. One was to hand the household over to one’s successor, leave the worldly life and all its luxuries and enjoyments, and go to the vana, the forest, to lead a sattvic, godward life in solitude. The Manu Samhita says:
When a householder gets to see wrinkles on his body, white
hair on his head, and his grandchildren, he should resort to the forest (Manu
Samhita 6.2).
He should be engaged in regular study, control his senses,
keep friendly behaviour with everyone,
and have a tranquil mind. He must always give in charity, not accept gifts from
others, and have
mercy on all living beings (Manu Samhita 6.8).
Vanaprastha Ashrama In Modern Life
The Vanaprastha Ashrama is the third stage of life in the traditional Hindu system, following Brahmacharya (student life) and Grihastha (householder life). It is considered a time for semi-retirement and spiritual reflection. According to Hindu scriptures, this stage typically begins when one's children are grown, household duties are fulfilled, and the family is well-established.
The transition into Vanaprastha involves handing over the responsibilities of the household to the next generation, often to one's children, and leaving behind the bustling life of the city or village. The term "vanaprastha" itself translates to "dwelling in the forest," symbolizing a retreat to a more secluded and natural environment. This move to the forest is not necessarily a literal one in contemporary times but is more about distancing oneself from the attachments and distractions of worldly life.
The primary purpose of entering the Vanaprastha Ashrama is to focus on spiritual pursuits and self-realization. It is a period of contemplation, meditation, and a deeper exploration of one's connection with the divine. The solitude of the forest is seen as conducive to introspection and the pursuit of a sattvic (pure and harmonious) life.
During this stage, individuals are encouraged to let go of material attachments and desires, embracing a simpler lifestyle. This detachment from worldly possessions and distractions is believed to facilitate a closer connection with the divine and a deeper understanding of the self.
While the Vanaprastha Ashrama traditionally involved physical withdrawal, in a modern context, it can be interpreted as a symbolic transition. Individuals may choose to step back from their active roles in society, focusing more on spiritual growth, community service, and passing on wisdom to the younger generation.
In essence, the Vanaprastha Ashrama represents a shift from worldly responsibilities to a more contemplative and spiritually oriented phase of life, fostering a sense of balance and harmony between the material and spiritual aspects of existence.