Adimurti is a unique and lesser-known form of Bhagavan Vishnu, often considered a minor avatar or manifestation in the vast array of Vishnu's divine forms. This particular form is deeply symbolic, encapsulating various elements of Vishnu's cosmic role as the preserver and protector of the universe.
Iconography and Symbolism
Adimurti is depicted as seated upon the serpent Adishesha, who is considered the king of serpents and a symbol of eternity and cosmic energy. The serpent serves as a divine throne, signifying Vishnu's mastery over time and space. The positioning of his legs, with the right leg hanging down and the left leg folded and resting upon Adishesha, represents a relaxed yet vigilant posture, indicating his readiness to protect and preserve the cosmos.
Four Hands and Their Significance:
- The two back hands hold the shankha (conch) and chakra (discus), which are powerful symbols in Hindu iconography. The shankha represents the primordial sound 'Om,' from which the universe is said to have originated, symbolizing creation and the sustenance of life. The chakra symbolizes the cycle of time, righteousness, and the destruction of evil.
- The front right hand rests upon Adishesha, representing protection and the nurturing aspect of Vishnu.
- The front left hand is supported on the folded left knee, which could signify stability, balance, and control over the material and spiritual realms.
Color and Ornaments: The coral red color of Adimurti is significant as it represents the dynamic energy and life force (rajas) of the universe. This vibrant color also symbolizes purity, divine love, and the auspicious nature of Vishnu. The various ornaments adorning Adimurti are traditional symbols of divinity, royalty, and protection.
Comparison with Other Forms of Vishnu
Adimurti can be compared to other forms of Vishnu, such as Anantashayana Vishnu (Vishnu in the cosmic sleep), who is also depicted reclining on Adishesha. However, while Anantashayana Vishnu is shown in a lying posture, representing the state of the universe during cosmic dissolution (pralaya), Adimurti is in a seated posture, indicating an active role in the cosmic order.
Another close comparison is with Lakshmi Narayana (Vishnu seated with Lakshmi), where Vishnu is depicted in a seated posture, but with the goddess Lakshmi by his side. In contrast, Adimurti's focus is more on the cosmic aspect, without a consort, highlighting his role as a solitary preserver and protector.
Association with Brahma and Shiva
In sculptures, Adimurti is often depicted with Brahma and Shiva, which emphasizes the unity and harmony of the Trimurti (the Hindu trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva). This suggests that Adimurti represents a form of Vishnu that is closely associated with the creation (Brahma) and destruction (Shiva) of the universe, emphasizing the cyclical nature of time and the interconnectedness of all divine functions.
Connection to Sages
The inclusion of sages Bhrigu and Markandeya in Adimurti's iconography is significant. Sage Bhrigu is often associated with testing the patience of the gods, particularly Vishnu, and his presence could symbolize the divine wisdom and patience of Vishnu. Sage Markandeya, known for his devotion and the vision of the cosmic child (Vishnu) during the dissolution of the universe, represents eternal devotion and the cyclical nature of time. Their reverence towards Adimurti highlights the supreme status of this form of Vishnu in guiding sages and devotees alike.
References in Hindu Scriptures
While Adimurti is not as prominently mentioned in the major Puranas or epics like other avatars, the concept of Vishnu seated on Adishesha can be traced back to various texts. For instance, in the Vishnu Purana, Vishnu is often described as the eternal being who reclines on Adishesha, emphasizing his role in maintaining the universe.
A related verse from the Bhagavad Gita (10.29) can be quoted, where Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu, says: "Among the serpents, I am Ananta," highlighting the divine connection with Adishesha, upon whom Adimurti is seated.
Adimurti, though a minor avatar, encapsulates the essence of Vishnu as the preserver of the universe. His distinct iconography, seated on the serpent Adishesha, holding symbols of creation and destruction, and accompanied by revered sages, marks him as a unique form of Vishnu that bridges the aspects of cosmic maintenance, divine wisdom, and the cyclical nature of existence. His depiction alongside Brahma and Shiva further underscores the interconnected roles of the Hindu trinity in sustaining the universe.