He is said to have married Arushi daughter of Vaivasvata Manu's daughter Arushi and they had a son named Aurva. Another legend has it that he married Sukanya, daughter of King Sharyati and granddaughter of Vaivasvata Manu. They had two sons: Apnavana and Dadhichi. He is also believed to be the father of Harita and Uddalaka Varuni important saints and scholars in the Vedas.
As per Mahabharata (Adi Parva, Ch. 5 - 6), when Puloma was pregnant a demon harassed her. The fetus slipped from her womb and such fetus was named 'chyuta' in Sanskrit (premature delivery) and thus the sage received his name Chyavana. The demon was immediately converted into ashes by the gaze of the child.
Chyavana studied the Vedas from his father, Bhrigu, and later acquired the knowledge of Vedas from Brahma. He subsequently became a Brahmarshi.
Brahmanas, Mahabharata, Srimad Bhagavata Purana, and Padma Purana states that Chyavana practiced intense penance and mediation and got back his youthhood.