Performance of karma to effect any change of life is
possible only in a human body, because only human beings do good or evil
consciously.
Human birth is therefore a great privilege, for in a human
body alone can one attain the supreme goal of life.
Thus, in search of eternal happiness and immortality, the
apparent soul is born again and again in different bodies, only to discover in
the end that immortality can never be attained through fulfillment of desires.
The soul then practices discrimination between the real and the unreal, attains
desirelessness, and finally realizes its immortal nature.
Affirming this fact, the Katha Upanishad says: "When
all the desires that dwell in the heart fall away, then the mortal becomes
immortal and here attains Brahman."
Swami Adiswarananda (1925 – 2007)
Explanation And Other Information:Hinduism: Understanding the Human Experience and the Journey of the Soul
Hinduism, one of the oldest religions in the world, offers a profound perspective on the nature of existence, the purpose of life, and the journey of the soul. At its core, Hindu philosophy emphasizes the concepts of karma (action), dharma (duty or righteousness), and moksha (liberation from the cycle of birth and death).
The Significance of the Human Birth
In Hinduism, human birth is considered a rare and valuable opportunity because it is only in a human body that one can consciously perform actions (karma) that have moral and spiritual consequences. Unlike animals, which act primarily on instinct, humans have the unique ability to discern right from wrong and make choices based on ethical considerations. This capacity for moral reasoning makes the human experience pivotal in the journey toward spiritual growth and ultimate liberation (moksha).
The Bhagavad Gita, a sacred Hindu scripture, underscores this privilege by stating:
"Out of thousands of men, one perhaps strives for perfection; out of those who strive for perfection, one perhaps knows Me in truth."
— Bhagavad Gita 7:3
This verse highlights the rarity of attaining true knowledge and the importance of the human journey in seeking higher truths.
Symbolism of the Human Journey in Hindu Philosophy
The journey of the soul through various lives, driven by karma, is a central theme in Hinduism. The soul, or Atman, is considered eternal and indestructible, but it is bound by the law of karma — the principle that every action has a corresponding reaction. This cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, known as samsara, is influenced by one's actions in past lives.
Symbolism in Hindu texts often illustrates this journey. For example, the Bhagavad Gita uses the chariot as a metaphor for the human body, the horses as the senses, the reins as the mind, and the charioteer as the intellect. This allegory represents the necessity of controlling the mind and senses to steer the soul toward liberation.
The Quest for Eternal Happiness and Immortality
The pursuit of eternal happiness and immortality is a driving force behind the soul's journey through various incarnations. However, Hindu philosophy teaches that true immortality and lasting happiness cannot be achieved through the fulfillment of material desires or attachment to worldly pleasures.
The Upanishads, another key set of Hindu scriptures, explore this concept deeply. The Katha Upanishad states:
"The Self (Atman) cannot be known through study of the scriptures, nor through intellect, nor through hearing. It can be known only by him whom the Self chooses — to such a one the Self reveals its own form."
— Katha Upanishad 1.2.23
This passage reflects the idea that ultimate realization is not achieved through external means but through inner awakening and self-realization.
Stories Illustrating the Human Quest
Many Hindu stories convey the themes of human life as a journey toward self-realization. One famous story is that of Nachiketa from the Katha Upanishad. Nachiketa, a young boy, questions Yama, the god of death, about the nature of the soul and the mystery of what happens after death. Yama tests Nachiketa's resolve by offering him worldly pleasures and material wealth, but Nachiketa remains steadfast in his quest for knowledge about the eternal truth. This story emphasizes the importance of renouncing transient pleasures in favor of seeking the ultimate reality.
The Role of Discrimination and Desirelessness
To achieve liberation, Hinduism teaches the necessity of Viveka (discrimination between the real and the unreal) and Vairagya (desirelessness). By cultivating these qualities, the soul begins to detach from material desires and recognize its true, immortal nature. The Bhagavad Gita speaks to this process:
"When a man completely casts off all desires of the mind, and is satisfied in the Self by the Self, then he is said to be one of steady wisdom."
— Bhagavad Gita 2:55
This verse explains that true wisdom and liberation come from a state of inner contentment and self-realization, free from worldly cravings.
Modern-Day Relevance of Hindu Concepts
In the modern world, the teachings of Hinduism regarding karma, the purpose of human life, and the pursuit of spiritual knowledge remain relevant. With the increasing complexity of life and the distractions of materialism, the emphasis on self-awareness, ethical living, and the quest for higher truth can offer guidance and solace.
Mindfulness and Meditation: Practices such as meditation and yoga, rooted in Hindu philosophy, have gained global popularity for their benefits in fostering mental clarity, emotional stability, and spiritual growth. These practices are means to quiet the mind, reduce attachment to transient desires, and focus on inner peace.
Ethical Living: The concept of dharma continues to influence modern discussions about ethics and morality. Whether in professional life, personal relationships, or social justice, the idea of living according to one's principles and duties resonates deeply with many.
Lesser-Known Facts About Hinduism
Environmental Ethics: Hinduism has a strong tradition of environmental ethics, viewing the Earth (Bhumi Devi) as a mother and emphasizing the need for ecological balance. Concepts like ahimsa (non-violence) extend to all living beings, promoting a respect for nature.
Science and Spirituality: Hinduism has historically supported the coexistence of science and spirituality. Ancient Hindu texts describe advanced astronomical concepts, the atomic theory (mentioned in Vaisheshika Sutra), and mathematical advancements like the concept of zero and the decimal system.
Diverse Paths to the Divine: Hinduism is unique in its acceptance of multiple paths to spirituality. The Bhakti (devotion), Jnana (knowledge), Karma (action), and Raja (meditation) paths offer different approaches for individuals based on their inclinations.
Concept of Ishta Devata: Hinduism allows worshippers to choose their personal deity, known as Ishta Devata. This flexibility reflects the religion’s inclusive nature, accommodating various forms of worship and understanding of the divine.
Emphasis on Universality: Hinduism’s scriptures, such as the Vedas and Upanishads, speak of a universal consciousness that transcends individual gods and sects, promoting a holistic view of the cosmos and humanity's place within it.
Hinduism provides a comprehensive framework for understanding human existence, emphasizing the importance of moral actions, spiritual discipline, and the quest for truth. By recognizing the human body's unique capability for conscious choice and spiritual growth, Hinduism highlights the potential for each individual to achieve the ultimate goal of life: self-realization and liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth. In a world increasingly searching for meaning and balance, the ancient wisdom of Hinduism continues to offer profound insights and guidance.