The introductory or preparatory rite performed at the
beginning of an action of Vedic significance in Hinduism is known as
Purascarana (Literally meaning first step). For example, if one has to conduct
the marriage of a son or a daughter, one simple ritual is performed in the
beginning so that the function may be completed without any impediment. Lord
Ganesha or Vivaksena are generally worshiped for this purpose.
The introductory rite is also performed at the beginning of
the study of Vedic mantras.
There is a fivefold way of invoking the deity of the mantra –
japa, homa, tarpana, abhisheka and bhuribhojana (distribution of food).
If one wants to have mantra siddhi (getting the fruit of
japa), one should repeat the mantras in the mind; if one who wants strength,
one should repeat the mantra with a little lip movement. The general convention
is that if one does ten japas; after offerings to the fire, one tarpana
(offering of water) should be done.
Kularnava tantra prescribes the number of times japa is to
be performed in different yugas. It is best does on holy river banks,
especially at the confluence of two or three rivers like Ganga and Yamuna, etc.
The person who performs this should not depend on others for food because
dependence on others for parana (getting alms) will degrade him.
The pravana, Om, should be uttered and deep breathing
exercise should be done. Through meditation, the thought process is purified.
Ultimately, the introductory rite ensures oneness of thought, speech, and
action.