One and two exists. But two is only an extension of one. There is no separation. There is interdependence. Realizing this is Moksha or liberation.
There Is Nothing Like Emptiness – Hinduism
In Hindu philosophy, the concept of "emptiness" is multifaceted, nuanced, and deeply profound. The idea that "there is nothing like emptiness" reflects the Hindu worldview, which perceives existence as inherently interconnected and filled with divine presence, even in what seems to be void or empty.
Hinduism and the Concept of Emptiness
In Hinduism, the ultimate reality is Brahman, the unchanging, infinite, immanent, and transcendent reality that forms the basis of all existence. Brahman is often described as nirguna (without attributes) and nirakara (formless). The apparent emptiness of Brahman is not a void but rather a state that transcends all forms, attributes, and dualities.
Emptiness as Potential
The idea of emptiness can be interpreted as pure potential in Hindu thought. In the Rigveda, one of the oldest sacred texts, creation is described in a state of nothingness, a void, before existence began. The famous verse from the Nasadiya Sukta (Hymn of Creation) says:
"Then was not non-existent, nor was existent:
There was no realm of air, no sky beyond it.
What covered in, and where? and what gave shelter?
Was water there, unfathomed depth of water?"
This hymn highlights that from what seemed to be nothingness, the entire universe emerged. What appears as emptiness is a fertile ground for creation, echoing the idea that emptiness holds the potential for everything.
Symbolism of Emptiness in Hinduism
In Hinduism, emptiness is symbolically represented through various metaphors, including:
Space (Ākāśa): Ākāśa, or space, is one of the five elements (Pancha Mahabhutas). Space itself is not empty but is considered the subtle, invisible essence that holds all other elements. Everything exists within space, yet space itself appears empty. This reflects the idea that even what seems void or formless is filled with divine energy and potential.
The Infinite Void of Shiva: In Shaivism, Shiva is often depicted as the embodiment of emptiness and destruction. However, this emptiness is not nihilistic but is seen as the source of regeneration and renewal. The cosmic dance of Shiva (Tandava) symbolizes the dissolution of the universe into the void, only for creation to arise anew. Shiva's Mahashunyata (great void) contains within it infinite possibilities.
Zero (Shunya) in Mathematics and Philosophy: The concept of zero (Shunya) originated in India and has both mathematical and philosophical significance. While in mathematics it signifies emptiness or null, in spirituality, it represents completeness, the state of unity with the divine where there is no duality or separation.
Quotes on Emptiness from Hindu Scriptures
While the Bhagavad Gita touches on concepts such as the eternal nature of the soul, other scriptures also delve into the idea of emptiness:
Mandukya Upanishad: This text describes four states of consciousness—waking, dreaming, deep sleep, and the transcendental state known as Turiya. In the state of Turiya, there is a merging with the infinite, where all distinctions dissolve into pure consciousness. This is the ultimate form of "emptiness," where there is neither subject nor object.
"It is not conscious of the internal world, nor is it conscious of the external world... It is unseen, unthinkable, ungraspable, unnamable, the essence of the knowledge of the One Self. The cessation of duality is called Turiya. It is the Atman, and it is to be realized." (Mandukya Upanishad, 7)
Yoga Vasistha: In this ancient text, the sage Vasistha expounds on the nature of reality and consciousness. He describes how the world is illusory, and true knowledge comes when one recognizes the emptiness beneath all external forms.
"The mind is empty and void of substance; hence it appears as if it exists. Everything is the product of this emptiness and nothing exists but Brahman alone."
Ashtavakra Gita: This lesser-known scripture explores non-dualism and the illusory nature of the world.
"The universe arises from nothing and dissolves into nothing. He who understands this has no further duty." (Ashtavakra Gita, 2:23)
Stories Illustrating the Concept of Emptiness
The Story of the Pot and Space
A well-known analogy in Vedanta is the story of the pot and space. A pot encloses a certain amount of space within it. When the pot is broken, the enclosed space merges with the infinite space outside. Similarly, the individual soul (jivatma) is like the space within the pot, which appears separate but is actually one with the infinite (paramatma). This story reflects that perceived separations are illusions, and what seems like emptiness is merely a perception of division.
The Story of Sage Ashtavakra and King Janaka
In the Ashtavakra Gita, Sage Ashtavakra teaches King Janaka the nature of the self and reality. He leads Janaka to the realization that all external phenomena are mere appearances, and emptiness is the underlying reality. The sage uses the metaphor of the ocean and waves to describe the transitory nature of the world and the eternal emptiness beneath.
Importance of Emptiness in Hinduism
The concept of emptiness is not to be confused with nihilism. In Hinduism, emptiness represents the substratum of existence, the formless Brahman from which all forms arise. Understanding this concept is vital for self-realization (moksha). To realize the truth of emptiness is to recognize the illusion of the material world (maya) and the eternal, unchanging nature of the self.
In Hindu meditation practices like Dhyana and Vipassana, the meditator often focuses on the silence and stillness beyond thoughts and emotions. This "emptiness" is where the mind merges with higher consciousness, leading to inner peace and ultimate liberation.
Modern Day Relevance and Practicality
In today's fast-paced world, the idea that "there is nothing like emptiness" can be a source of comfort and guidance. People often feel overwhelmed by the incessant flow of information, material desires, and societal pressures. The Hindu understanding of emptiness can help individuals find:
Mental Clarity and Peace: Practicing mindfulness, meditation, and detachment from material concerns allows one to experience the "emptiness" of a calm mind, free from anxiety and distractions.
Simplicity and Contentment: Recognizing the transient nature of the material world leads to simpler living. Realizing that fullness is found not in accumulation but in embracing emptiness can bring contentment.
Creativity and Potential: Just as the void holds infinite potential for creation, embracing empty spaces in life—such as downtime or silence—can foster creativity, inspiration, and innovation.
Detachment from Outcomes: The concept of emptiness encourages detachment from worldly success or failure, helping people live without the burden of constant striving, focusing instead on inner growth and spiritual fulfillment.
Lesser-Known Facts
- Emptiness in Tantra: In Tantric practices, the void (Shunya) is often visualized during meditation. The practitioner's consciousness is emptied of all egoic identity, merging with the divine void.
- Buddhism's Influence on Hindu Thought: While emptiness (Shunyata) is a central concept in Mahayana Buddhism, it has also influenced Hindu philosophies, particularly Advaita Vedanta.
In Hinduism, "emptiness" is not a negation but a space of infinite possibility, the foundation of all existence. It symbolizes the unity of all things in Brahman, teaching us to look beyond the surface of material reality to the divine essence within. This understanding of emptiness provides not only spiritual insight but also practical tools for leading a balanced, peaceful, and fulfilled life in the modern world.