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Akhandakara Vritti in Hinduism

In Advaita Vedanta, the ultimate object of meditation is the Atman, the true Self, which is inherently identical to Brahman, the Absolute. Brahman is indivisible and homogeneous, the sole reality. As the mind meditates on this undivided Brahman, its vrittis gradually become mirror images of this wholeness, termed Akhandakara Vrittis. When this meditative process matures into samadhi, or profound absorption, the mental ripples subside, revealing the pure, undivided nature of Brahman.

Advaita Vedanta Meditation Process:

  1. Shravana (Hearing):
    • Learning about the Atman (soul or self) from a teacher or guru.
    • This step involves listening to teachings and scriptures.
  2. Manana (Reflection):
    • Thinking deeply about what has been heard.
    • Developing a clear understanding and strong conviction about the nature of the Atman.
  3. Nididhyasana (Meditation):
    • Meditating on the Atman.
    • The mind focuses on the nature of the Atman, forming a mental image or idea of it.

Understanding Vrittis:

  • Vrittis are modifications or changes in the mind, similar to waves in water.
  • During meditation, the mind takes the shape of the object it is focused on.
  • If each mental wave (vritti) is similar to the previous one, it indicates successful meditation.

Meditation on Atman in Advaita Vedanta:

  • The Atman is the true self, which is identical to Brahman, the Absolute Reality.
  • Brahman is akhanda (partless and whole), meaning it is a single, undivided reality.

Akhandakara Vritti:

  • When the mind meditates on Brahman, it forms vrittis that take the shape of Brahman.
  • These specific vrittis, shaped like the undivided Brahman, are called akhandakara vrittis.

Final Goal - Samadhi:

  • With continued meditation, these vrittis help the mind reach a state of samadhi (absolute concentration).
  • In samadhi, all vrittis (mental waves) subside, revealing the true nature of Brahman.
  • The practitioner realizes that the Atman and Brahman are one and the same.