Mattamayura, a significant Shaiva sect, was prominent in the Malwa region and its surroundings from around the ninth century CE. The sect's ascetics are documented in various inscriptions, particularly those of the Kalachuris of Tripuri. The sect's influence spanned several centuries, marked by their establishment of religious and educational centers (Mathas) and the construction of temples dedicated to Lord Shiva.
Historical References
Inscriptions of Kalachuris of Tripuri:
- The Kalachuris of Tripuri, a dynasty that ruled parts of central India, mentioned the Mattamayura sect in their inscriptions, highlighting its importance and influence in the region.
- An inscription by Yuvaraja I in the tenth century records the construction of a Shiva temple at Chandrehe on the river Son within a Mattamayura Matha. This illustrates the sect's role in promoting Shaivism and establishing religious infrastructure.
Migration from Kadambaguha:
- The sect is believed to have migrated from Kadambaguha, though specific details about this migration are sparse in historical records. This movement signifies the sect's expansion and the spread of their religious practices.
Leaders and Lineage:
- Rudrashambhu: Venerated as a significant leader, his disciples carried forward the sect's traditions and teachings.
- Mattamayuranatha (Purandara): A prominent disciple of Rudrashambhu, he played a crucial role in establishing the sect's presence in Avanti.
- Madhumateya: A notable disciple of Purandara, continued the lineage.
- Hridayashiva: A disciple of Madhumateya, he received patronage from Lakshmanaraja (son of Yuvaraja I), indicating the sect's influence on regional rulers and their support for its activities.
Centers of Influence
Several locations in Malwa and adjacent areas became important centers for the Mattamayura sect:
- Amardakatirtha (possibly Ujjain)
- Upendrapura
- Mattamayurapura
- Ranod
- Siyadoni
These centers not only served as religious hubs but also as places of learning and dissemination of Shaiva teachings.
Acharyas and their Contributions
The acharyas (teachers) of the Mattamayura sect were often named after the places they resided in, indicating a strong connection between the sect's spiritual leaders and their localities. Notable acharyas include:
- Kadambaguhadhivasin
- Shankamathadhipai
- Terambipla
- Rudrashambhu: Likely the same as Amardakatirthanatha, mentioned in the Ranod inscription.
- Purandara: Established Mathas at Mattamayura and Aranipadra, extending the sect's reach.
Legacy
The Mattamayura sect continued to exist and influence the region for several centuries. Their contributions to the religious landscape of Malwa and surrounding areas are evident through the temples and Mathas they established, which served as centers for worship, education, and community gatherings.
In summary, the Mattamayura sect played a crucial role in the propagation of Shaivism in central India from the ninth century onwards. Their legacy is preserved in the inscriptions and the religious infrastructure they left behind, marking their lasting impact on the region's spiritual history.