Virashaivism, a prominent Shaiva sect, presents a unique theological framework where the concepts of Anga and Linga are central to understanding the relationship between the individual soul and the divine.
The Concept of 'Sthala'
In Virashaivism, the ultimate reality or Brahman is referred to as 'Sthala'. This term is derived from two Sanskrit words: 'Stha', meaning 'place' or 'abode', and 'la', meaning 'dissolution'. Therefore, 'Sthala' signifies the primordial source from which the universe emanates and into which it ultimately dissolves. It is both the origin and the end, the ground of being that supports all existence.
Division into Linga and Anga
From the 'Sthala', out of a divine play or 'lila', arise two fundamental aspects: Linga and Anga. These represent the duality inherent in creation and the process of spiritual realization.
Linga (Lingasthala): Linga represents the divine principle, God, or Siva. The term 'Linga' is derived from the Sanskrit root 'li', meaning 'to dissolve'. Hence, Linga is that into which everything ultimately dissolves. It symbolizes the ultimate reality, the immutable, transcendent, and immanent aspect of the divine.
Anga (Angasthala): Anga refers to the individual soul or jiva. The word 'Anga' comes from the idea of 'going back' (ga) to Brahman (am). Thus, Anga is the part that returns to its source, highlighting the soul's journey back to the divine. It represents the mutable, immanent aspect of existence that strives to reunite with its origin.
The Journey of Anga to Linga
The relationship between Anga and Linga is foundational in Virashaivism. The individual soul (Anga) is seen as inherently connected to the divine (Linga) and is destined to reunite with it. This reunification is achieved through several spiritual practices:
Bhakti (Devotion): Devotion to Siva is paramount in Virashaivism. The intense love and adoration for the divine help in dissolving the ego and merging the individual self with the universal self.
Upasana (Worship): Regular worship and rituals directed towards Linga are crucial. This includes various forms of external worship (like rituals and offerings) and internal worship (like meditation and contemplation).
Anubhava (Experience): Direct mystical experience and realization are highly valued. This involves transcending the dualities of existence and experiencing oneness with Siva.
Guru-Sishya Tradition: The guidance of a spiritual teacher (Guru) is essential. The Guru imparts wisdom and initiates the disciple into the mysteries of Siva worship, leading them towards spiritual enlightenment.
The Five-fold Path of Virashaivism
Virashaivism emphasizes a five-fold path known as 'Panchachara' which includes:
- Lingachara: The daily worship of the personal Linga.
- Sadachara: Leading a life of righteousness and moral integrity.
- Sivachara: Serving humanity with the understanding that all beings are manifestations of Siva.
- Bhrityachara: Humility and service towards fellow beings, recognizing the divine in all.
- Ganachara: Community worship and collective activities that foster spiritual growth.
The Union of Anga and Linga
The ultimate goal in Virashaivism is the union of Anga with Linga. This state is known as 'Aikya' or oneness, where the individual soul realizes its true nature and merges with the divine. This union is not just a theoretical concept but a profound spiritual experience marked by:
- Ananda (Bliss): The experience of divine bliss and inner joy.
- Jnana (Knowledge): The realization of the true nature of self and the universe.
- Shanti (Peace): Deep inner peace and tranquility arising from the dissolution of the ego and worldly desires.
Through dedicated practice of Bhakti, Upasana, and adherence to the Panchachara, the aspirant progresses on the path of spiritual evolution, ultimately achieving the union of Anga with Linga, realizing their oneness with Siva.