As alum clarifies water, so the nature of one who is enlightened becomes purified. Free from doubts, wickedness, inquisitiveness and delusion, his mind is perfectly integrated, and he shines like the full moon.
The Maha Upanishad is a profound text attached to the
Samaveda, offering teachings on the path to liberation and bliss. It expands
upon the concepts presented in the shorter version, emphasizing the realization
of one's soul and the divine nature of Brahman, particularly as embodied by
Vishnu.
In this Upanishad, Vishnu is exalted as the highest being,
transcending the principles of Samkhya philosophy, the deities Shiva and
Brahma, and serving as the origin of the universe. From Vishnu emanate Purusha
(the cosmic being), Atman (the individual soul), and Prakriti (nature and
substances), with the latter two represented by the term Tejas. Furthermore,
the Upanishad describes how from Vishnu emerged Shiva, Brahma, the cosmic
chants, the Vedas, and other aspects of creation.
A central theme of the Maha Upanishad is the concept of the
Jivanmukta, or liberated being. Such an individual is characterized by inner
tranquility and detachment from worldly desires and aversions. They remain
untouched by joy or grief, harbor no anger or fear, and exhibit qualities of
self-restraint, inquiry, and humility. The Jivanmukta finds delight in the
self, experiencing the joy of inner awareness and recognizing the unity of all
existence.
The Upanishad is also renowned for promoting the universal
ethic encapsulated in the phrase "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam," emphasizing
the interconnectedness of all beings and the importance of treating the entire
world as one family. It encourages detachment, magnanimity, and the pursuit of
spiritual freedom rooted in Brahmanic realization.
The concluding verses of the Maha Upanishad further
underscore the ethos of generosity and detachment, urging individuals to uplift
their minds and enjoy the fruits of spiritual liberation. Overall, the
teachings of the Maha Upanishad offer profound insights into the nature of
reality, the path to enlightenment, and the ethical principles that guide human
conduct.