Anuyaja in Hinduism literally means "after offering." It is an integral part of Vedic rituals, particularly those performed by an ahitagni, a person who has ceremonially kindled the Vedic fires and is committed to maintaining them through regular sacrifices. Among the numerous sacrifices prescribed, two prominent ones are the Darsha and Purnamasa.
Darsha and Purnamasa Sacrifices
- Darsha: Performed on the new-moon day.
- Purnamasa: Conducted on the full-moon day.
These sacrifices are categorized under a class called ‘ishti,’ which requires the presence and participation of four priests.
Structure of the Sacrifices
During these rituals, the offerings are meticulously structured:
- Principal Offerings: The main offerings which are central to the sacrifice.
- Minor Offerings: These are supplementary and are categorized based on their timing relative to the principal offerings.
Categories of Minor Offerings
Prayajas (pra = before): These are offerings made before the principal sacrifices. There are five prayajas, all involving oblations of ajya (clarified butter or ghee). They are offered to specific deities:
- Samidhah
- Narashamsa
- Three other deities specific to the ritual context
Anuyajas (anu = after): These are offerings made after the principal sacrifices. There are three anuyajas, offered to the following deities:
- Barhis: This deity is associated with the sacred grass used in Vedic rituals.
- Narashamsa: Often linked with the collective praise of deities.
- Agni Svishtakrit: This form of Agni is associated with the proper completion of the sacrifice, ensuring that all parts of the ritual are fulfilled.
Significance of Anuyajas
Anuyajas hold significant ritual importance as they symbolize the completion and fulfillment of the sacrificial process. They are not merely supplementary but are essential to ensure the efficacy and proper conclusion of the sacrifice. The offering to Agni Svishtakrit, in particular, is crucial as it is believed to rectify any inadvertent errors made during the ritual, thus sanctifying the entire process.
Variants in Spelling
The word "Anuyaja" is sometimes spelled as "Anuyaja," reflecting variations in transliteration practices. Despite these variations, the meaning and ritual significance remain consistent.
In summary, anuyajas are a critical component of Vedic sacrifices, ensuring the proper conclusion of the rituals through offerings made after the principal sacrifices. They, along with prayajas, complete the sacrificial cycle, emphasizing the meticulous nature of Vedic rituals and the importance of each element within the broader sacrificial framework.