For performing Vedic sacrifices, duly consecrated fires are essential. The maximum number of such fires is five, collectively known as ‘panchagnis.’ These five sacred fires are:
- Garhapatya
- Ahavaniya
- Anvaharyapacana or Dakshina
- Sabhya
- Avasathya
Origin and Etymology of Avasathya
The term ‘avasathya’ is derived from the word ‘avasatha,’ meaning a dwelling place. One interpretation suggests that this fire originated from the practice of lighting fires in special dwelling places, called avasathas, to provide warmth for the brahmanas and other participants of the sacrifice. These dwelling places, akin to modern-day dharmashalas, were set up for accommodating the invitees. This practical necessity likely gave rise to the avasathya fire.
Placement and Structure
In the context of Vedic sacrifices, the avasathya fire is positioned to the east of the sabhya fire within a hut designated as the ‘avasatha.’ The hearth for the avasathya fire is distinctively triangular, with each side measuring 25 angulis (an anguli being the breadth of a finger).
Establishment and Ritual Significance
There is a variance in the Vedic sacrificial texts regarding the establishment of the avasathya fire. Some authorities consider its establishment compulsory, while others view it as optional. When required, the avasathya fire must be ignited using the original fire from the garhapatya, ensuring the continuity and sanctity of the sacrificial flames.
The avasathya fire, along with the other panchagnis, plays a crucial role in the complex rituals of Vedic sacrifices, contributing to the intricate tapestry of Vedic religious practices.