The twelfth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is known as "Bhakti Yoga" because it focuses on the path of devotion (bhakti) as a means to attain spiritual enlightenment and union with the divine. Here's a detailed explanation of why this chapter is specifically termed as Bhakti Yoga:
Central Theme of Devotion: The twelfth chapter centers
around the concept of bhakti, or devotion, to a personal god (Ishvara). It
elaborates on how a devotee can develop and express their devotion to the
Supreme Being, emphasizing love, faith, and surrender.
Krishna's Teachings on Bhakti: In this chapter, Lord Krishna
explains the nature of true devotion and how it can be practiced. He describes
the qualities of a true devotee, who remains steadfast in their love for God
regardless of external circumstances, showing traits such as humility,
non-violence, forgiveness, and compassion.
Comparison with Other Yogas: The Bhagavad Gita discusses
various paths to spiritual realization, including Karma Yoga (the path of
selfless action) and Jnana Yoga (the path of knowledge). Chapter twelve
specifically contrasts these with Bhakti Yoga, highlighting the simplicity and
accessibility of devotion as a path that does not require intellectual prowess
or rigorous ascetic practices.
Simplifying Spiritual Practice: Bhakti Yoga is often
considered an easier and more accessible path for many people because it
involves cultivating a loving and personal relationship with the divine. In the
twelfth chapter, Krishna reassures Arjuna that sincere devotion can lead to the
highest spiritual attainment, providing an inclusive approach to spirituality.
Qualities of a Devotee: Krishna enumerates the qualities
that make a devotee dear to him, such as being free from envy, friendly,
compassionate, free from possessiveness, and steady in mind. This detailed
description underscores the essence of Bhakti Yoga as a path centered on
developing divine qualities through love and devotion.
Practical Guidance: The chapter offers practical guidance on
how to cultivate devotion, including the importance of meditation on God's
form, name, and glories, as well as engaging in selfless service and
remembering the divine in all activities.
In summary, the twelfth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is
called "Bhakti Yoga" because it extensively discusses and promotes
the path of devotion as a supreme means to achieve spiritual fulfillment and
divine union. The emphasis on loving, unwavering devotion as a way to connect
with the divine encapsulates the essence of Bhakti Yoga.