Govinda Pattabhishekam: Celebrating Krishna’s Victory and Divine Grace
Govinda Pattabhishekam commemorates the divine act of Lord Krishna lifting the Govardhan Hill to protect the inhabitants of Vrindavan from a devastating storm sent by Indra. This celebration, deeply rooted in Vaishnavite traditions of South India, honors Krishna’s compassion, the triumph of faith over arrogance, and the unbreakable bond between the Divine and devotees.
The Story of Govardhan Puja
According to the ancient account, the people of Vrindavan regularly offered worship to Indra, king of the heavens, to secure timely rains for their fields and cattle. One year, Krishna questioned this practice and suggested that they instead honor Govardhan Hill and the cattle, which were the true sources of their livelihood. Persuaded by Krishna’s wisdom, the villagers arranged a grand feast and performed puja (ritual worship) to Govardhan Hill. Insulted by this deviation from his worship, Indra unleashed torrential rains and fierce thunderstorms to punish Vrindavan. Undeterred, Krishna lifted Govardhan Hill on his little finger and held it aloft for seven days, providing shelter to the frightened cows, villagers, and animals beneath its expanse. Realizing his error, Indra bowed before Krishna and requested forgiveness. In mercy, Krishna allowed the rains to subside, and Indra showered Krishna with the waters of the holy Ganga, symbolically acknowledging Krishna’s supremacy.
Celebration as Govinda Pattabhishekam
Govinda Pattabhishekam literally means “the coronation of Govinda,” an epithet of Krishna signifying his role as protector. This festival is observed on the first day of the waxing moon in the lunar month of Kartika (usually October or November). In South India, particularly among Sri Vaishnavites, temples and community centers stage elaborate reenactments. A small hillock of cow dung or clay is shaped to represent Govardhan, and it is decorated with flowers, incense, and lamps. At the climax of the ritual, a water pot or kalash is placed atop this hillock, from which water is ceremonially poured to represent the Ganga’s descent. Devotees chant hymns praising Krishna’s mercy and recite passages from sacred texts narrating the event.
Importance and Symbolism
Govinda Pattabhishekam holds multidimensional significance:
-
Divine Protection: Krishna’s act of lifting Govardhan enshrines the concept of the Divine as the ultimate protector of all beings.
-
Rejection of Ego: Indra’s defeat underscores how pride and arrogance—symbolized by Indra’s fury—lead to downfall when confronted by steadfast devotion.
-
Primacy of Nature: By urging villagers to worship Govardhan Hill, Krishna emphasizes respect for nature and the interdependence between humans, animals, and the environment.
-
Devotion Over Ritualism: The narrative critiques blind ritualistic practices; instead, it elevates sincere devotion and right understanding of what truly sustains life.
Rituals and Observances
In many temples, early morning worship begins with alankara (decoration) of the Govardhan replica using flowers, twigs, and cow dung. Priests perform abhishekam (sacred bathing) using milk, yogurt, ghee, honey, and water. Devotees offer boiled grains, vegetables, and sweets—known as “Annakuta”—to symbolize gratitude for prosperity. Chanting of the “Govardhanastakam” and other stotras dedicated to Krishna continues throughout the day. By evening, processions carry images of Krishna and Govardhan around temple premises, accompanied by devotional singing and dancing.
Regional Variations
While Govinda Pattabhishekam is observed across India, South Indian Vaishnavite communities accentuate it with distinctive customs. In Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, communities form “Giripujas” where each family adorns its own miniature hill, inviting neighbors to share prasadam (consecrated food). In Kerala, temples blend local art forms—like Kathakali and Ottamthullal—to depict the story, making the celebration both religious and cultural. These regional flavors enrich the overarching theme of devotion and mutual care.
Final Reflections
Govinda Pattabhishekam is more than a historical recollection; it is a living tradition that inspires devotees to uphold humility, protect the environment, and cultivate unwavering faith. By reenacting and honoring Krishna’s sublime act of lifting Govardhan Hill, followers renew their commitment to righteous living and deepen their bond with the Divine. The festival thus stands as a timeless testament to the power of devotion and compassion in Hindu heritage.