The concept of "Putrika" in Hinduism is a unique and interesting cultural and social tradition. In a society where the male child has traditionally been considered the primary heir and responsible for carrying on the family lineage, the absence of a son could lead to concerns about the continuity of the family name and the performance of certain rituals.
When a family has only one daughter (putri) and no sons,
they can choose to adopt a ceremonial practice wherein the daughter is treated
as a son and is then referred to as a "Putrika." This cultural
adoption allows the daughter to take on the responsibilities and privileges
traditionally associated with sons.
Alternatively, the family may choose to marry the daughter
to a suitable groom with the condition that any son born to the daughter will
be adopted by the father as his own son. In this case, the boy is sometimes
referred to as a "Putrikaputra." However, it's important to note that
the term "Putrikaputra" can also be used to refer to the daughter
herself.
A daughter designated as a Putrika holds a significant
status within the family. She is entitled to perform all the obsequial rites,
including funeral ceremonies and other rituals performed for the ancestors,
just like a son would. This practice reflects the adaptability and flexibility
within Hindu traditions to ensure the continuity of family rituals and customs
even in the absence of male heirs.
In essence, the concept of Putrika showcases the importance
of preserving family traditions and values, irrespective of gender, and
provides a cultural solution for families without male heirs to continue their
lineage and fulfill social and religious obligations.