Tirumantiram states:
The songs that are sun and the varying steps
The form assumed by our dancing Gurupara
Discover these within yourself, then shall your fetters fall away
The verse from the Tirumantiram mentioned above is a profound piece of Tamil Shaivite literature that encapsulates the deep symbolism and spiritual significance of Lord Shiva's dance as Nataraja. Let's break it down in detail:
Tirumantiram
The Tirumantiram is a seminal Tamil scripture written by the sage Tirumular, comprising over 3,000 verses. It is one of the key texts in Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta philosophy, exploring themes of theology, philosophy, and yoga. The text is rich in metaphysical insights and devotional fervor.
Shiva as Nataraja
Nataraja, which means the "Lord of Dance," is a depiction of Lord Shiva performing the cosmic dance of creation, preservation, and destruction. This dance, known as the Tandava, is symbolic of the dynamic forces of the universe. The image of Nataraja is laden with symbolism:
The Dancing Foot: Shiva's raised foot signifies liberation and upliftment. It represents the soul's release from the cycles of birth and death (samsara).
Sound of the Tinkling Bells: The bells on Shiva's anklets produce a divine sound that symbolizes the rhythmic cycles of creation and the passage of time. This sound also represents the primordial sound (Nada) from which all creation emanates.
The Songs that are Sun and the Varying Steps: The "songs" refer to the divine music that accompanies Shiva's dance, symbolic of the cosmic vibrations that sustain the universe. The varying steps indicate the diverse movements of creation, preservation, and dissolution.
The Form Assumed by Our Dancing Gurupara: Here, "Gurupara" refers to the supreme teacher or guru, symbolizing Shiva himself. The form of Nataraja is the embodiment of Shiva as the ultimate reality, who reveals himself through this cosmic dance.
Detailed Symbolism
The Drum (Damaru): In one of his right hands, Shiva holds a drum that symbolizes creation. The sound of the drum represents the act of creation, the primordial sound from which all existence arises.
The Fire (Agni): In his left hand, Shiva holds fire, symbolizing destruction. This fire represents the dissolution of the cosmos, making way for renewal.
The Abhaya Mudra: One of Shiva's right hands is in the abhaya mudra (gesture of fearlessness), offering protection and reassurance to devotees.
The Gajahasta (Elephant Trunk) Pose: The position of Shiva's left leg, which is bent and raised across his body, symbolizes salvation and liberation. The left foot, pointing downward, signifies the destruction of ignorance.
The Serpent (Kundalini): Often depicted wrapped around his body or neck, the serpent symbolizes the Kundalini Shakti, the coiled energy believed to reside within each individual.
The Dwarf (Apasmara): Shiva dances upon the demon dwarf, Apasmara, representing ignorance and ego. This signifies the triumph of knowledge over ignorance.
Spiritual Meaning
The verse from the Tirumantiram emphasizes self-discovery and inner realization. It suggests that true understanding and liberation come from recognizing and internalizing the divine dance of Shiva within oneself. The "fetters" refer to the bonds of ignorance and material attachments that bind the soul. By meditating on the symbolism and meaning of Shiva's dance, one can transcend these limitations and attain spiritual liberation (moksha).
In essence, the dance of Nataraja is a powerful metaphor for the cyclical nature of the universe and the spiritual journey of the soul. The verse from the Tirumantiram calls for an inward journey to discover the divine essence within, leading to ultimate freedom and enlightenment.